及时接种乙肝疫苗首针对学龄前儿童疫苗完成情况的影响

目的了解乙肝疫苗(hepatitis B vaccine,Hep B)首针及时接种对学龄前儿童完成国家免疫规划疫苗(NIPV)接种的影响,为学龄前儿童完成NIPV接种提供参考依据。方法于2013年10月采用按容量比例概率抽样方法从福建省1 004个合并后的乡镇中抽取34个乡镇(街道),按批质量保证抽样方法抽取其中772名学龄前儿童进行疫苗接种情况调查,评估乙肝疫苗首针及时接种及其对学龄前儿童完成NIPV的影响。结果调查的772名儿童中,738名乙肝疫苗首针及时接种的学龄前儿童完成NIPV接种率为93.4%,34名乙肝疫苗首针未及时接种的学龄前儿童完成NIPV接种率为79.4%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,乙肝疫苗首针接种时间超过24 h和少数民族学龄前儿童均不利于儿童完成NIPV接种。结论乙肝疫苗首针及时率对学龄前儿童完成国家免疫规划疫苗接种率有积极影响,应继续保持新生儿乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率和加强对该接种率的考核督导要求。

Association between timely immunization of hepatitis B vaccine and NIPV

Objective To study the timely immunization of hepatitis B vaccine on the completion of the national immunization program vaccine (NIPV).Methods A total of 772 children were selected by the lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) from 34 out of 1 004 combined townships with a population ≥ 10 000.The immunization messages of the children were collected to evaluate the timely immunization of hepatitis B vaccine on the NIPV completion.Results The vaccination rate of NIPV was 93.4％ among the 738 children who completed the vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours,and another vaccination rate of NIPV was 79.4％ among the 34 children who completed the vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine without 24 hours,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).Logistic regression indicated that the children who completed vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine without 24 hours and those of ethnic minority were less likely to finish the NIPV.Conclusions The timely rate of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine has a positive impact on completing the NIPV rate in preschool children,and therefore,the relative authority should continue to keep the timelyg rate of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and strengthen the examination and supervision.