沙眼衣原体诊断技术研究进展

沙眼衣原体（Ct）是一种特殊的病原体,具有与革兰氏阴性细菌相似的细胞壁,含有DNA和RNA两种类型的核酸,严格寄生于宿主细胞内,沙眼衣原体是一种能够通过滤器,以二分裂方式繁殖的原核细胞型微生物.它具有两种形态：在细胞外具有高度传染性的为原体 在细胞内进行复制、无传染性的为始体.它可以引起非淋球菌尿道炎等许多泌尿生殖道相关疾病,近年来其感染率和危害性已超过淋病奈瑟菌而居性传播疾病之首,眼部衣原体侵入人体眼结膜和角膜引起沙眼和包涵体结膜炎,是世界范围致盲的首要病因.约80%的被感染女性无临床症状,感染反复迁移,造成病理改变,可导致复杂的并发症.因此,早期、简便、快速、特异地发现Ct,对临床的诊断,疾病的早期治疗和预防其流行等具有重要的意义.目前,对沙眼衣原体的诊断方法主要有培养法,免疫学法和分子生物学法.

Progress in diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct)is a special kind of pathogens.It contains a cell wall similar to Gram-negative bacteria and two types of nucleic acid,DNA and RNA.Ct is strictly parasitic in host cells.Ct is a prokaryote organism,which can go through filters and reproducices by splitting into two.The life cycle of Ct consists of two stages,elementary body and reticulate body.Elementary body exists outside of the cell and is highly contagious.Initial body exists in the cell and is non-infectious,and reproduable.It can cause many genitourinary tract-related diseases,such as non-gonococcal urethritis.In recent years,its prevalence and dangers is far more than that of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other sexually transmitted diseases.Ct can invade the conjunctiva and cornen of human eyes and cause trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis,which is the leading cause of blindness worldwide[1].About 80% of infected women have no clinical symptoms.The typical feature of Ct infection is its tendency of persistence and recurrence,resulting in pathological changes and complex complication.Hence,early,simple,rapid and specific detection methods are needed.The methods will be important to the clinical diagnosis,early treatment,and prevention of the disease.Currently,the methods to diagnose Ct are include all culture,approaches of immunology and molecular biology. In this paper,we review the diagnostic techniques of Ct related diseases.