胰腺损伤148例诊治分析

目的 探讨胰腺损伤的早期诊断、手术方式和并发症防治.方法 回顾分析20年间收治的胰腺损伤病历资料,包括性别、年龄、伤因、AAST分级、术式和疗效、并发症和死因等,并作统计学处理.结果 全组148例,手术132例,包括修补或仅引流、远端胰切除、远端胰(或囊肿)空肠Roux-n-Y吻合或其他内引流、憩室化、Whipple手术和损伤控制外科方法等术式.术后并发症发生率27.83%.Ⅲ～Ⅴ级与Ⅰ～Ⅱ级伤的胰瘘发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).病死率11.49%,死因主要为合并伤大出血(76.47%);而胰腺损伤级别间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 首先控制合并伤大出血是提高胰腺损伤生存率的关键;术式取决于主胰管是否损伤,清除失活组织、充分外、内引流是胰腺损伤治疗的核心;早期诊断和正确的术式将明显减少并发症.

Pancreatic trauma: an analysis of 148 cases

Objective To explore the early diagnosis, option of the surgical procedures, preven-tion and treatment of the complications in patients with pancreatic trauma.Methods All patients with pancreatic trauma during the past 20 years were studied retrospectively in respect of sex, age, cause of injury, grade by AAST, style of operation, therapeutic efficacy, complications and factors for death etc.Statistical analysis was made with Chi-square test.Results In all 148 cases of the present series, 132 underwent surgical interventions including simple suture or external drainage alone, distal pancre-atectomy, distal pancreaticojejunostomy or other internal drainage, diverticularization, Whipple's pro-cedure, and Damage Control Surgery (DCS) etc.Postoperative morbidity was 27.83% with a signifi-cant difference of the incidence of pancreatic fistula between pancreas grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ injuries and grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ(P＜0.01).The mortality rate was 11.49%.The cause of the deaths was mainly massive bleed-ing due to severe associated injuries(76.47%).Among various grades, the difference of the mortality was not significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion To improve the survival rate, it is important to control massive hemorrhage from associated injuries precedes dealing with pancreas trauma.Selection of surgi-cal procedures should be based on whether the main duct is injured.The removing of devitalized tis-sue, adequate external and internal drainage are essential for treatment of pancreatic injuries.Early recognition of pancreatic injury and correct choice of surgical procedures may obviously decrease the in-cidence of postoperative complications.