某市企业矽尘总粉尘与呼吸性粉尘浓度关系分析

目的 了解矽尘总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘的危害程度及其相关关系,为确定粉尘治理、评价治理效果提供依据。 方法 对中山市存在矽尘危害企业的矽尘总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘浓度进行检测和分析。 结果 共采集矽尘总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘有效数据58对,总粉尘的超标率与呼吸性粉尘的超标率分别为77.5%和68.9%,两者比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.155,P>0.05)。总粉尘和呼尘浓度比值(T/R)范围1.15~21.58。某运动用品厂的总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘浓度存在线性相关关系,采用24对数据,得到线性方程为Y=0.175 X+0.654(r=0.816,P<0.05)。 结论 所调查企业粉尘危害不容忽视,总粉尘浓度反映的危害程度与呼吸性粉尘基本一致;但部分岗位总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘浓度差别较大,不能确定多行业总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘换算关系。应尽量排除各种因素的影响干扰,确定两者的关系,指导日常工作。

Correlation of respirable dust concentrations with total dust concentrations at workplaces

Objective To understand the correlation of respirable dust concentrations with total dust concentrations at workplaces and to provide the effective control measures against dust hazards. Methods The total dust and respirable dust at workplaces in 9 plants were measured according to national guideline. Results Totally 58 paired samples were collected. The standard-exceeding rates with national occupational exposure limits were 77.5% (total dust) and 68.9% (respirable dust) respectively and the difference had no significance (χ2=3.155,P>0.05). The ratio(total dust/respirable dust)varied among 1.15-21.58. The linear correlation between total dust and respirable dust in a sporting goods factory was found (24 samples) and the respirable dust can be estimated with formula Y=0.175 X + 0.654 (r=0.816,P<0.05). Conclusion The dust hazards in the enterprises should not be overlooked. The correlation of respirable dust concentrations with total dust concentration at workplaces was not constant in all plants and it should be carefully used to predict the respirable dust concentration based on the total dust concentration.