某市急性职业中毒的原因分析

目的 探讨急性职业中毒的原因及相关预防方法。 方法 收集某市2011年3月至2014年9月70例急性职业中毒患者资料进行回顾性分析,分析引发急性职业中毒的具体原因。 结果 急性职业中毒毒物种类较多,其中砷化氢、甲苯及氯气中毒人数构成比分别为21.43%、25.71%及28.57%;硫化氢及一氧化碳各致死2例,氨气致死1例。急性职业中毒发生原因包括违反安全操作规范、缺乏安全知识、未使用个人防护用品、无通风排毒设备及意外事故等,其中因违反安全操作规范中毒患者占71.43%,明显高于其他原因。 结论 急性职业中毒原因较多,根据其发生规律,制定针对性预防方案,具有重要意义。

Cause analysis of acute occupational poisoning in a city

Objective To understand the causes of acute occupational poisoning, in order to prevent such cases. Methods The data of 70 cases of patients with acute occupational poisoning treated in Dapeng New District of Shenzhen City during March 2011 to September 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Chemicals causing intoxication varied dramatically, in which arsenic hydrogen, toluene and chlorine gas accounted for 24.33%, 25.71% and 28.57%, respectively. There were 5 death cases reported, caused by hydrogen sulfide (2 cases), carbon monoxide (2 cases) and ammonia gas (1 case). The causes of acute occupational poisoning included violation of safety operation specification, lack of safety knowledge, non-use of personal protective equipments, no ventilation equipment and accidents, among which the violation of safety operation specification accounted for 71.43%. Conclusion The causes of acute occupational poisoning varied often. The pertinence measures should be taken to control the risk of acute occupational poisoning.