格雷厄姆法（LEC法）在职业健康风险评估中的研究与应用

目的 对工业企业或建设项目实施有效的职业健康风险评估,确定职业病危害的风险级别。 方法 对应用于安全风险评估中的格雷厄姆法进行适用性改进,并通过评估某电力企业锅炉烟气脱硝项目各岗位的风险,验证该方法的科学性。 结果 格雷厄姆法中事故发生的可能性、人员暴露于危害环境的频繁程度以及发生事故后的严重性这3个指标的赋值得到了细化,建立起半定量化的风险评估方法。使用改进后的格雷厄姆法对某电力企业锅炉烟气脱硝项目进行评估,得到氨、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、高温的风险度等级为Ⅱ,噪声及工频电磁场的风险度等级为Ⅰ,与专家评估结果一致。 结论 改进的格雷厄姆法不仅可以在项目实施前半定量确定其职业病危害风险等级,还可以通过项目建成后的检测检验对分级结果进行验证和修正,为用人单位日常职业病防治监督与管理提供参考。

Application of Graham method in health risk assessment of occupational hazards

Objective To understand the risk rank of occupational hazards within an enterprise, the occupational health risk assessment was done. Methods Graham method(LEC),which was widely used in the safety risk assessment, was modified and used in this health risk assessment of a construction project with flue gas denitration within a electric power enterprise. Results The assignment of 3 important parameters, the probability of event occurrence,the frequency of hazard exposure and the severity of consequence,were studied in detail to determine the half quantitative risk assessment model of these occupational hazards. The results derived from this model showed that the health risk level of ammonia, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and the heat stress were ranked as stage Ⅱ,while the health risk level of noise and power frequency electromagnetic field were ranked as stageⅠ, which were consistent with the results determined by the experts. Conclusion This method could not only give half-quantitative risk level of occupational hazards in the design stage,but also be used to verify and correct the risk level in the running phase. These results will provide the reference for management and supervision of the occupational hazards.