Angulated locking plate in periprosthetic proximal femur fractures: biomechanical testing of a new prototype plate

Introduction

To improve proximal plate fixation of periprosthetic femur fractures, a prototype locking plate with proximal posterior angulated screw positioning was developed and biomechanically tested.

Methods

Twelve fresh frozen, bone mineral density matched human femora, instrumented with cemented hip endoprosthesis were osteotomized simulating a Vancouver B1 fracture. Specimens were fixed proximally with monocortical (LCP) or angulated bicortical (A-LCP) head-locking screws. Biomechanical testing comprised quasi-static axial bending and torsion and cyclic axial loading until catastrophic failure with motion tracking.

Results

Axial bending and torsional stiffness of the A-LCP construct were (1,633?N/mm?±?548 standard deviation (SD); 0.75?Nm/deg?±?0.23?SD) at the beginning and (1,368?N/mm?±?650?SD; 0.67?Nm/deg?±?0.25?SD) after 10,000 cycles compared to the LCP construct (1,402?N/mm?±?272?SD; 0.54?Nm/deg?±?0.19?SD) at the beginning and (1,029?N/mm?±?387?SD; 0.45?Nm/deg?±?0.15) after 10,000 cycles. Relative movements for medial bending and axial translation differed significantly between the constructs after 5,000 cycles (A-LCP 2.09°?±?0.57?SD; LCP 5.02°?±?4.04?SD; p?=?0.02; A-LCP 1.25?mm?±?0.33?SD; LCP 2.81?mm?±?2.32?SD; p?=?0.02) and after 15,000 cycles (A-LCP 2.96°?±?0.70; LCP 6.52°?±?2.31; p?=?0.01; A-LCP 1.68?mm?±?0.32; LCP 3.14?mm?±?0.68; p?=?0.01). Cycles to failure (criterion 2?mm axial translation) differed significantly between A-LCP (15,500?±?2,828?SD) and LCP construct (5,417?±?7,236?SD), p?=?0.03.

Conclusion

Bicortical angulated screw positioning showed less interfragmentary osteotomy movement and improves osteosynthesis in periprosthetic fractures.