西乡县2005至2010年5岁以下儿童死亡分析及干预

目的探讨西乡县5岁以下儿童死亡原因、现状、相关因素变化的趋势与规律,为制定降低5岁以下儿童死亡率和婴儿死亡率的卫生政策提供理论依据。方法对县乡村监测网逐级上报的2005至2010年发生的5岁以下儿童死亡报告卡、死亡补漏及死亡检测资料进行分析。结果5岁以下儿童死亡仍以新生儿、婴儿死亡为主,婴儿死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡的79．11％。在225例死亡儿童中,新生儿死亡113例,占50．22％;婴儿死亡的63．48％。结论实施妇幼公共卫生项目是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的有力措施之一,降低5岁以下儿童死亡率主要在于降低婴儿死亡率,尤其是降低新生儿死亡率。重视婚前医学检查和围产期保健,加强基层产儿科建设和高危孕产妇的动态管理,提高基层人员对急性呼吸道感染病例的管理,可有效降低新生儿死亡。同时,提高家庭安全教育意识,也是降低5岁以下儿童死亡的重要工作。

Death analysis of children under 5 years of age in Xixiang County from 2005 to 2010 and intervention

Objective To investigate the death causes, death status, changing trend of relevant factors and laws so as to provide theoretical basis for formulating health policy to reduce mortality of children under 5 and infant mortality. Methods Analysis was conducted on the data of death report card, mending leakage of death and death inspection information of children under 5 years of age from 2005 to 2010, which were reported in county and village controlling network. Results Neonatal and infant death was the majority of death of children under 5 years of age, and infant death accounted for 79.11%. Among 225 cases of death, there were 113 cases of neonatal death, accounting for 50.22%. Infant death accounted for 63.48%. Conclusion The implementation of maternal and child public health programs is an effective measure to reduce the mortality rate of children under age 5. Reducing mortality of children under 5 is to reduce infant mortality rate, especially to reduce neonatal mortality. Emphasizing on pre-marital medical examination and perinatal health care, strengthening the construction of primary obstetric and pediatric department and dynamic management of high-risk pregnant women, improving management of staff at basic level on acute respiratory infection cases can effectively reduce neonatal deaths. Meanwhile, improving home safety education and awareness is important to reduce death of children under 5 years of age.