抗菌药物在小儿呼吸道疾病治疗中的应用

目的探讨抗菌药物在小儿呼吸道疾病治疗中的应用情况。方法选取2012年本院儿科收治的小儿呼吸道疾病患者500例的病历资料，观察抗菌药物使用情况。结果500例患者中使用抗菌药物293例，占58．6％，以头孢类抗菌药物为主的联合用药12例（4．1％）；220例发热患儿抗菌药物使用率为64．1％，280例体温正常患儿抗菌药物使用率为54．3％；90例白细胞升高患儿抗菌药物使用率为100．0％。410例白细胞计数正常患儿抗菌药物使用率为49．5％；头孢类DDDs占46．7％，使用率最高；头孢哌酮DUI值最高，有7种抗菌药物DUI值均〉1。结论抗菌药物在小儿呼吸道疾病治疗中存在给药频率过多、联合用药指征不正确等情况，会增加细菌的耐药性，因而需要加强对抗菌药物的规范管理，促进抗菌药物的合理使用。

Application of antibacterial agents in the treatment of pediatric respirato- ry diseases

Objective To discuss the application of antibacterial agents in the treatment of pediatric respiratory dis- eases. Methods Clinical data of 500 patients with pediatric respiratory diseases in our department in 2012 were select- ed in order to observe the amount of usage and applications of antibacterial agents. Results In the 500 cases, 293 cases applied antibacterial agents accounting for 58.6%, eephalosporins drug combination in 12 cases （4.1%）. The usage rate of antibacterial agents in 220 patients with fever was 64.1% and in 280 pediatric patients with normal temperature was 54.3%. In 90 cases with leukocytosis, patients were all treated by antibacterial agents, while in 410 patients with nor- mal white blood cells, the usage rate of antibacterial agents was 49.5%. The defined daily dose system （DDDs） of cephalosporins was 46.7% with highest frequency. The value of drug utilization index （DUI） of cefoperazone was largest. There were 7 antibacterial agents with DUI 〉 1. Conclusion In the treatment of pediatric respiratory diseases, antibac- terial agents are found with overuse and inappropriate indexes combination, which will increase drug tolerance of bac- teria. Therefore, standardized management of antibacterial agents needs to be strengthened in order to promote rational use.