天津市滨海新区汉沽中学生结核病健康教育干预效果评价

目的了解天津市滨海新区汉沽中学生结核病防治相关知识、态度和行为状况,评价健康教育干预效果。方法采取多阶段分层系统随机抽样方法,对天津市滨海新区汉沽3所中学840名中学生进行基线调查,随后通过健康讲座、知识竞赛、主题班会、黑板报、宣传栏、展板、宣传小册子等学生们最愿意获取结核病防治知识的途径和方式进行健康教育干预,评价干预前后学生结核病防治知识水平、相关态度和行为的改变情况。结果干预后中学生对肺结核病的传染性、传播途径、可疑症状、预防措施和免费政策等核心信息知晓率有了明显提高,分别由干预前的60.20%、59.40%、65.20%、16.10%和46.00%提高到95.40%、81.00%、84.50%、39.20%和73.40%,5条核心信息总知晓率由干预前的49.40%上升到74.70%;对结核病的患病可能性大、结核病可防可治、不歧视结核病人以及愿意获取健康知识的合理态度持有率分别由干预前的44.10%、44.90%、42.00%和79.90%提高到63.70%、81.30%、69.50%和96.30%;及时就医和主动普及结核病防治知识的正确行为持有率由干预前的49.90%、27.70%提高到79.20%、64.20%。干预前后中学生结核病防治相关知识、态度和行为的改变均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在中学生中开展结核病健康教育干预效果显著。健康讲座、知识竞赛、主题班会、黑板报、宣传栏以及图文并茂的宣传材料是学校宣传中有效的健康干预方式;除以学校为载体外,今后还要积极利用网络、电视和同伴教育等中学生喜好的途径传播结核病防治知识。

Effect evaluation on tuberculosis health education intervention among middle school students in Binhai newly developed area Hangu of Tianjin

Objective To know the status of knowledge, attitude and behavior of tuberculosis among the middle school students in Binhai newly developed area Hangu of Tianjin and to evaluate the effects of tuberculosis health education in- tervention. Methods A total of more than 800 students in 3 middle schools were performed the preinterventional ques- tionnaires. Then the same questionnaires were conducted after implementing the health education intervention by various measures which students would like to get the knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and treatment, including health lec- ture, knowledge competition, class meeting, blackboard newspaper, billboard, propaganda panel, brochure. The results of the questionnaires before and after health education intervention were compared and analyzed. Result After tuberculo- sis health education intervention, the single awareness ratio of 5 key messages concerning infectivity, transmission routes, suspicious symptoms, preventive measures and free policy was significantly increased, from 60.20 %, 59.40 %, 65.20 %, 16.10 %, 46.00 % to 95.40 %, 81.00 %, 84.50 %, 39.20 %, 73.40 % respectively （P 〈 0.01 ）. The total awareness ratio of the key messages within survey respondents was increased from 49.40 % to 74.70 % （P 〈 0.01 ）. The ratio of holding reasonable attitude concerning ＇ the possibility of suffering from tuberculosis is in all likelihood＇, ＇ tuber- culosis can be prevented and treated＇, ＇ tuberculosis patients should not be discriminated＇ and ＇ would like to get healthknowledge＇ was increased respectively from 44.1%, 44.90 %, 42.00 %, 79.90 % before intervention to 63.70 %, 81.30 %, 69.50 %, 96.30 % after intervention （P 〈 0.01 ）. The ratio of holding correct behaviors concerning ＇to see a doctor in time＇ and ＇tell health knowledge about tuberculosis to more people＇ was increased respectively from 49.90 %, 27.70 % to 79.20 %, 64.20 %（P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion The health education intervention for tuberculosis has remarkable effec