干细胞及组织移植治疗甲状腺功能减退症

背景：干细胞及甲状腺组织移植治疗甲状腺功能减退症已经取得了一定的成果。 目的：回顾分析干细胞与组织移植治疗甲状腺功能减退症的基础和临床研究进展。 方法：由作者检索1980/2010 PubMed 数据库及万方数据库有关干细胞与甲状腺移植治疗甲状腺功能减退症的基础和临床研究。 结果与结论：自体甲状腺组织移植治疗不可逆性甲状腺功能减退症的作用是肯定的，但存在不足之处，比如需要移植多少甲状腺组织才能使甲状腺功能保持在正常状态，移植后的长期效果还需要更多样本、更长期的跟踪随访来评价。胚胎干细胞在体外环境下可诱导分化为甲状腺细胞，但受伦理学和细胞移植排斥反应等原因困扰。脐血间充质干细胞具有来源丰富、易于采集、保存和运输、无异体排斥、避免伦理争议等诸多优点，在不同诱导条件下能够向不同谱系分化，已被广泛用于治疗各种疾病，但能否通过多种途径诱导其分化为甲状腺细胞，并通过移植方法来治疗甲状腺功能减退症仍需深入研究。

Stem cells and tissues transplantation in the treatment of hypothyroidism

BACKGROUND: Scientific researchers carry on the long-term unremitting research about hypothyroidism non-drug therapy, especially stem cell and tissue transplantation for treatment of hypothyroidism, which has obtained the certain results. OBJECTIVE: To overview the research progress of stem cells and tissue transplantation for treatment of hypothyroidism. METHODS: The author retrieved PubMed database and Wanfang database (1980/2010) for articles about stem cells transplantation and thyroid transplantation in the treatment of hypothyroidism. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autologous thyroid tissue transplantation for irreversible hypothyroidism has a certain effect, but there are many shortcomings, such as how much thyroid tissue is required to maintain the normal function of the thyroid, which needs the evaluation based on long-term follow-up and large-sample studies. Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells may towards thyroid cells in vitro, but reject reaction and ethical issues are puzzle. As a kind of pluripotent stem cells, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) exhibit abundant source, simple collection, preservation and transport with no allograft injection or ethical issues. UCB-MSCs can differentiate into different lineage cells under specific culture conditions. UCB-MSCs are widely used to treat many diseases. Whether UCB-MSCs can be able to differentiate into thyroid cells under many specific culture conditions, and whether UCB-MSCs transplantation can be used to treat hypothyroidism, still need further studies.