化学去细胞同种异体神经移植修复大鼠骶1神经缺损★

背景：自体神经移植是修复周围神经损伤中最常用的方法。 目的：探讨化学去细胞神经修复大鼠骶1神经缺损的效果，以期寻找修复周围神经缺损较为理想的方法和材料。 方法：取SD大鼠骶1神经，采用化学去细胞法处理大鼠骶1神经的免疫原性成分，使其成为去细胞神经。将Wistar大鼠右侧骶1神经制成1 cm缺损模型，用SD大鼠去细胞同种异体神经移植修复大鼠骶1神经的缺损。 结果与结论：与术前相比，术后8周逼尿肌漏尿点降低，膀胱最大容积和膀胱顺应性升高(P < 0.05)。神经纤维细丝蛋白染色结果显示，右侧经同种异体神经移植修复的神经吻合口断端被染成绿色，神经纤维排列整齐分布均一，再生神经轴突长入远端神经。左侧正常神经形态均一，神经纤维排列整齐分布均一未见轴突长入远端神经。结果表明，化学去细胞同种异体神经的抗原性明显降低，可修复高等哺乳类动物的周围神经损伤。

Chemically acellularized nerve allografts for repair of rat S1 nerve defects

BACKGROUND: Autologous nerve transplantation is the most common method for repair of peripheral nerve injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of chemically acellularized nerve allografts for repair of rat S1 nerve defects and to search the ideal methods and materials for repair of peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: SD rat S1 nerve was taken and chemically acellularized to remove the immunogenic component. 1 cm long incision was made on the right S1 in SD rats and bridged with the nerve allograft. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with prior to surgery, the urinary leakage site of the detrusor muscle was lowered, the maximum volume and compliance of the bladder were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at 8 weeks after surgery. Neurofilament staining showed that on the experimental (right) side, neural anastomotic stoma was stained green, nerve fibers were orderly distributed, and regenerated axons grew towards distal nerve; on the left side, nerve morphology was normal, nerve fibers were orderly arranged, and axons did not grow toward distal nerve. These findings suggest that chemically acellularized nerve allografts with obviously decreased antigenicity can repair peripheral nerve injury in high grade mammals.