超顺磁性纳米颗粒治疗肿瘤的应用进展

背景,近年来纳米颗粒在肿瘤热疗、基因载体研究、靶向药物治疗等方面得到迅速发展,特别是纳米颗粒载药系统已成为肿瘤治疗的又一突破口.目的:对超顺磁性纳米颗粒在医学领域特别是肿瘤治疗方面的应用及其机制进行概述.方法:应用计算机检索Medline数据库(2000-01/2009-10),以"Superparamagnetic,Nanoparticles,Targeting"为检索词;应用计算机检索中国期刊网(CNKI)(2005-01/2009-10),万方数据库(2005-01/2009-10),以"磁性、纳米颗粒、靶向"为检索词.结果与结论:共收集123篇关于磁性纳米颗粒靶向作用的文献,中文24篇,英文108篇.排除发表时间较早、重复及类似研究,纳入30篇符合标准的文献.超顺磁性纳米颗粒是指具有磁响应性的纳米级粒子,其直径一般小于30 nm,当磁性纳米粒子的粒径小于其超顺磁性临界尺寸时,粒子进入超磁性状态.超顺磁性纳米颗粒除了通过血液循环进入炎症肿瘤相关部位外,还可被广泛存在于肝脏、脾脏、淋巴结的网状细胞-内皮吞噬系统(reticulo-eneothelial system,RES)的细胞所识别.研究发现经过表面修饰的载药纳米颗粒,可跨血脑屏障转运,其机制可能与血脑屏障的连接结构--毛细血管,其内皮细胞通过低密度脂蛋白介导的胞吞作用有关.目前合成生物相容性磁性纳米颗粒的方法有很多,但最常用的合成生物相容Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒的方法为共沉淀法.超顺磁性纳米颗粒在外加磁场的作用下可具有靶向性,且四氧化三铁的晶体对细胞无毒,其作为基因载体及药物载体被广泛应用于医学研究,为肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的途径.但对于外置磁场,如何全面的避开内皮吞噬系统的吞噬,防止治疗过程中药物性血栓的生成等尚存在不足.

Application of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for cancer treatment

BACKGROUND: In recent years, nanoparticles has been rapidly developing in tumor hyperthermia, genophore research, and targeted drug therapy, particularly nanoparticle containing drug delivery systems will become another breach in tumor therapy.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application and mechanism of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for cancer treatment in the medical field.METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in Medline for English language publications containing the key words of "superparamagnetic, nanoparticles, targeting" from January 2000 to October 2009. Relevant articles were also searched from CNKI with the same key words in Chinese from January 2005 to October 2009.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 123 articles about targeting role of magnetic nanoparticles were included, and there were 24 in Chinese and 108 in English. Articles published earlier, duplicated, and similarly were excluded, and 30 references were finally included. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles characterized by targeting role under external magnetic field, and crystal of ferroso-ferric oxide did not has toxicity to cells. As a gene carrier and drug carrier, superparamagnetic nanoparticles were widely used in medical research and they also provided novel evidences for cancer treatment. By an external magnetic field, how to avoid a comprehensive system of phagocytic endothelial phagocytosis and prevent the course of treatment such as drug-induced thrombus is still inadequate.