Leksell伽玛刀与立体定向放射外科

Leksell伽玛刀(γ刀)是一种立体定向放射外科治疗装置。它通过201束校准射线的聚焦照射,在不开颅的情况下,破坏颅内病变,达到治疗目的。γ刀治疗的适应证包括某些颅内动静脉畸形、肿瘤和功能性疾患。 1967年第一台γ刀在瑞典斯德哥尔摩问世,至今已有3O多年的临床应用经验。至1997年底,世界范围内有近70000病人分别在82个中心接受了γ刀治疗。特别是80年代后期,随着神经影像技术和计算机软件的发展,立体定向放射外科治疗的有效性及安全性得到了广泛的认可。近4年来,中国引进了13台Leksellγ刀,并应用于临床。 本文回顾了立体定向放射外科的历史,简述了Leksellγ刀的组成、构造及治疗原理,并分析了γ刀治疗的适应证。强调在做γ刀立体定向放射外科治疗计划时,必须掌握一定的神经解剖学、神经病理学、神经影像学及放射生物学的知识。

Leksell Gamma Knife & Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Leksell gamma knife is a therapeuticequipment of the stereotactic radiosurgery. Itachieves close - skull destruction of defined intracranial target through precise focus of 201 individualcobalt - 60 sources. Gamma knife treatment has beenused to treat a number of different indications, includingintracranial arteriovenous malformations, tumors andfunctional disorders. From the first gamma knife installed in Stockholm in1967, there have been more than 30 - year's clinical ex-perience. By the end of 1997, about 70000 patients havebeen treated by Leksell gamma knife at 82 centers of theworld. It is worth mentioning, the safety and efficacy ofstereotactic radiosurgery have been recognizedwidespreadly along with the development of sophisticat-ed neuroimaging and computer software since 1980's.In China, 13 sets of Leksell gamma knife have heenimported and applied at some hospitals the past 4years. This article reviewed and analyzed the history ofstereotactic radiosurgery, the components and the clini-cal indications of gamma knife. It is emphasized that acomprehensive combination of neuroanatomy, neu-ropathology, neuroimaging and radiobiology is neededin a treatment planning of gamma knife surgery.