寰椎的解剖学测量及其临床意义

目的　探讨寰椎因素致椎 基底动脉供血不足的发病机制及手术切开横突孔减压提供解剖学依据。方法　在5 0例中国成年人干燥寰椎标本上 ,对具有临床意义的数据进行解剖学测量。结果　寰椎横突孔与椎动脉沟的成角左侧为(6 7 87± 5 39)°,右侧为 (6 9 84± 4 5 5 )° ;椎动脉沟绕寰椎侧块成角 :左侧为 (6 2 4 6± 4 6 6 )°,右侧为 (6 3 6 1± 2 31)°。寰椎横突孔前壁厚度 :左侧为 (2 96± 0 5 4 )mm ,右侧为 (3 2 1± 0 4 0 )mm。横突孔后壁厚度 :左侧为 (2 2 8± 0 5 7)mm ,右侧为 (2 0 2± 0 2 6 )mm。以上数据左、右侧比较差异无显著性。结论　椎动脉行经在寰椎横突孔与椎动脉沟内时 ,在骨性结构上有明显的两个成角 ,即横突孔与椎动脉沟的成角和椎动脉沟绕过侧块的成角 ,椎动脉的这两个成角增加了血液循环的阻力 ,同时在头颈部旋转运动时 ,椎动脉与骨性成角间更加贴近 ,这两个成角与椎 基底动脉供血不足的发生有关。寰椎横突孔后壁较前壁薄 ,此数据可作炒寰椎横突孔后壁切开减压时手术参考依据

Anatomical measurement of atlas and its clinical significance

Objective To investigate the mechanism of vertebrobasilar bloodsupply insufficiency caused by atlas and provide the anatomical data of opening up the atalas transverse foramenr for treatment Methods The clinical significant data were observed and mensured in 50 dry atlas specimens Results The angle formed by transverse foramen and vertebral artery groove in atlas: the left side was (67 87±5 39)°, the right side was (69 84±44 56)° The angle formed by the vertebral artery groove around the lateral mass: the left side was (62 46±4 66)°, the right sidewas (63 61±2 31)° The thickness of the anterior wall of transverse foramen in atlas: the left side was (2 96±0 54)mm, the right side was (3 21±0 40)mm The thickness of the posterior wall of transverse foramen in atlas: the left side was (2 28±0 57)mm, the right side was (2 02±0 26)mm There was no statistical significance between the left and right side on the above data Conclusion There are two obvious angle on the atlas in the route of the vertebral artery The angles increase the difficulty of blood circulation in the vertebral artery, in the meantime, the vertebral artery and the angles will get closer when the head and the neck revolve The angles are correlated with the vertebrobasilar blood supply insufficiency The posterior wall of the transverse foramen is thiner than the anterior, which can provide consulted daata in the operation of opening up the posterior wall of the transverse foramen to reduce the pressure of the vertebral artery