Mechanical evaluation and design of a multilayered collagenous repair biomaterial |
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Authors: | Gloeckner D C Sacks M S Billiar K L Bachrach N |
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Affiliation: | Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, 749 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. |
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Abstract: | One method of fabricating implantable biomaterials is to utilize biologically derived, chemically modified tissues to form constructs that are both biocompatible and remodelable. Rigorous mechanical characterization is a necessary component in material evaluation to ensure that the constructs will withstand in vivo loading. In this study we performed an in-depth biaxial mechanical and quantitative structural analysis of GraftPatch (GP), a biomaterial constructed by assembling chemically treated layers of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS). The mechanical behavior of GP was compared to both native SIS and to glutaraldehyde-treated bovine pericardium (GLBP) as a reference biomaterial. Under biaxial loading, GP was found to be stiffer than native SIS and mechanically anisotropic, with the preferred fiber direction demonstrating greater stiffness. Quantitative structural analysis using small-angle light scattering indicated a uniform fiber structure similar to GLBP and SIS. To enable test-protocol-independent quantitative comparisons, the biaxial mechanical data were fit to an orthotropic constitutive model, which indicated a similar degree of mechanical anisotropy between the three groups. We also demonstrate how the constitutive model can be used to design layered biocomposite materials that can undergo large deformations. |
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