呼吸道真菌感染的流行病学调查及耐药性监测分析

目的了解住院患者呼吸道真菌感染的发病率、菌种分布及对常用抗真菌药物的耐药现状,为临床合理使用抗真菌药物提供参考。方法对住院患者呼吸道感染标本进行真菌培养、菌种鉴定和真菌药敏试验。结果 2 305份痰标本共检出真菌415株(18.0%),真菌感染以白色念珠菌最为常见,占68.0%(282/415)。体外药敏试验显示真菌对两性霉素B耐药率最低(4.6%)。分离出的真菌对7种抗真菌药物均出现不同程度的耐药性。结论住院患者呼吸道真菌感染发生率呈逐年上升趋势,白色念珠菌是主要的病原菌,临床应重视病原学检查,合理使用抗真菌药物,提高机体免疫力是预防住院患者真菌感染的主要措施。

Epidemiological Investigation of Respiratory Fungal Infection and Analysis on Drug Resistance of the Fungals

Objective To investigate the incidence of respiratory fungal infection,the strain distribution and the drug resistance to common antifungal agents in inpatients of Kunming General Hospital of PLA,so to provide basis for rational use of antifungal agents in clinic.Methods Fungal culture,strain isolation,identification and fungal susceptibility tests were performed on the specimens of inpatients with respiratory infection in Kunming General Hospital of PLA.Results A total of 415 fungal strains were isolated from 2,305 sputum specimens.The detection rate was 18.0%.Candida albicans infection was the most common infection,with a detection rate of 68.0%(282/415).In vitro drug sensitivity test showed that the fungal was least resistant to amphotericin B,with a resistance rate of 4.6%.The isolated fungal strains displayed different degrees of resistance to seven antifungal drugs.Conclusions The incidence of respiratory fungal infection showed an ascending trend.Candida albicans was the main pathogen.In clinic,great concerns should be paid to pathogen detection.Rational use of antifungal agents and improving the immune function of inpatients are main measures to prevent fungal infection.