大鼠肺移植模型的改良

背景：建立大鼠原位肺移植模型是研究肺移植后慢性排异反应的关键，但因其需要精细外科技术，难度较大，限制了这一模型的应用。 目的：改良麻醉和肺移植过程，建立快速、安全、具有可重复性的大鼠肺移植模型。 方法：共完成42只大鼠动物实验，供体受体各21只。采用胸骨正中切口解剖供体左肺并置入套管(用静脉留置针套管剪取1.5 mm长制成)获取大鼠供肺。大鼠受体经左侧开胸，利用套管技术吻合完成供肺植入。记录并计算手术时间及移植成功率。 结果与结论：移植后大鼠均存活，大鼠供肺获取时间平均为(35.3±5.1) min；供肺套管时间平均为(12.5±    4.6) min；大鼠受体肺移植时间平均为(50.2±3.3) min；吻合时间平均为(27.7±6.2) min。开放肺动、静脉血流后，全肺迅速变红，血流灌注充分，静脉回流通畅；恢复机械通气后，所有移植肺膨胀良好。结果证实，改良后的麻醉和肺移植技术可为大鼠肺移植的免疫与排异研究提供稳定、可靠、可重复的动物模型。

Improvement of a rat lung transplantation model

BACKGROUND: Orthotopic lung transplantation model in a rat is the key to investigate the chronic rejection after lung transplantation. However, the precise surgical technique and difficult operation limit the application of the model． OBJECTIVE: To improve the process of anesthesia and lung transplantation, and to establish a rapid, safe and reversible rat lung transplantation model． METHODS: A total of 42 rats were used to establish the model, including 21 donor models and 21 receptor models. The donor lung was excised by median sternotomy with dissection of the left lung and implantation of cuffs (intravenous catheters cut into 1.5 mm sections). The left lung was implanted in the recipient by lateral thoracotomy using the cuffs for anastomoses. The duration of surgery and success rate of transplantation were recorded and calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The survival rate of rats after lung transplantation was 100%. The time of left donor lung extraction was (35.3±5.1) minutes in average. The time of placing cuff in donor lung was (12.5±4.6) minutes in average. The surgical procedure time of recipient was (50.2±3.3) minutes. The time of arteriovenous and bronchus casing anastomosis was (27.7±6.2) minutes. After pulmonary artery and vein blood flow was disparked, the whole lung turned red rapidly, blood perfusion was sufficient, venous returned unimpeded; after mechanical ventilation resumed, all graft lungs expanded well. This improved anesthesia and lung transplantation technique in rats can provide a valid, reliable and reproducible animal model for studying immune responses and rejection in lung transplantation.