壳聚糖材料在脊髓损伤后神经再生的研究与作用

背景：组织工程支架材料壳聚糖能复合多种种子细胞和神经因子,维持受损组织正常的解剖结构,防止胶质瘢痕挤压,对脊髓损伤后神经再生具有重要的意义。 目的：介绍壳聚糖材料在修复脊髓损伤后神经再生领域的研究现状。 方法：由第一作者检索1990至2012年 PubMed数据库、CNKI数据库及万方数据库有关壳聚糖材料特性、壳聚糖导管移植治疗脊髓损伤的相关文献。 结果与结论：壳聚糖具有良好的物理、化学性能,并且具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性,免疫抗原性小和无毒性等特殊生物医学特性,与嗅鞘细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞及神经干细胞具有良好的亲和性。壳聚糖材料制备的神经导管、支架能在脊髓损伤后桥接神经断端,维持神经再生的正常解剖结构,提供种子细胞及细胞因子载体,为损伤后神经再生提供良好的微环境,但目前对于壳聚糖导管的研究仍不够全面,仍有很多问题待解决。

Chitosan application in neural regeneration after spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND:Nerve conduit/scaffolds of chitosan materials can be used as the carrier of seed cells and cytokines, maintaining the normal anatomic structure and preventing glial scar extrusion in the injury site. Chitosan materials have the promoting effects on neural regeneration and functional recovery. OBJECTIVE:To introduce the research status of chitosan nerve conduit/scaffolds in neural regeneration. METHODS:The first author retrieved PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases (1990/2012) to search the articles related to chitosan properties and chitosan nerve conduits for spinal cord injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Chitosan has excellent physical and chemical properties, moreover, it alsohas special biomedical characteristics, such as good biocompatibility and biodegradability, low immunogenicity and non-toxicity. Chitosan has a good affinity for olfactory ensheathing cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells. Nerve conduit/scaffolds of chitosan materials can bridge nerve stump, maintain the normal anatomic structure following neural regeneration, provide seed cells and cytokine carriers, and create a healthy micro-environment for neural regeneration after spinal cord injury. Up to now, chitosan conduit research is still not comprehensive, and there are many problems to be solved.