以组织工程建构技术修复周围神经损伤的难点

背景：组织工程构建技术是近年来周围神经损伤修复的重要方法之一，在周围神经治疗领域有着良好的前景。目的：总结近年来利用组织工程学构建技术对周围神经损伤修复的研究进展。方法：应用计算机检索万方数据库、CNKI和PubMed数据库中1995年1月至2011年12月关于组织工程构建技术的文章，在标题和摘要中以“组织工程，神经导管支架，生物活性，周围神经损伤”或“Tissue engineering,Nerve scaffold,Bioactivity,Peripheral nerve defect”为检索词进行检索，初检得到156篇文献，最终纳入56篇文献进行综述。结果与结论：周围神经损伤组织工程修复的两个要素是神经支架材料的选择和生物功能化。构建神经的支架材料包括可降解和非可降解两大类，通常需要具有三维多孔结构和相应的孔隙率及比表面积，其力学性能、表面活性、生物相容性和导电性等直接影响神经损伤修复的效果；生物功能化的主要生物活性因子包括支持细胞，种子蛋白和神经营养因子，将这些生物活性因子接种在神经导管支架材料上，促进受损神经的修复与功能替代。组织工程技术应用于周围神经损伤修复与再生的研究重点在于导管、细胞与生长因子的综合应用。组织工程技术与生物技术的联合应用将成为周围神经损伤修复的研究热点。

Difficulties in tissue engineering construction technology for repair of peripheral nerve injuries

BACKGROUND:In recent years, tissue engineering construction technology is one of the important methods for peripheral nerve repair, which has a good prospect in the field for peripheral nerve therapy.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research of repairing peripheral nerve defect using tissue engineering construction technology in the past few years.METHODS:The articles related to tissue engineering construction technology in Wanfang database, CNKI database and PubMed database published from January 1995 to December 2011 were retrieved with the key words of “tissue engineering, nerve scaffold, bioactivity, peripheral nerve defect” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally, 55 of 156 articles were included in result analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The two factors of tissue engineering to the repair of peripheral nerve injury are the choice of nerve conduit materials and biofunctionalization. The materials to construct the nerve conduits include biodegradable and nonbiodegradable materials, usually with three-dimensional structure, corresponding porosity and specific surface area. Their mechanical properties, surface activity, biocompatibility and conductivity directly affect the results of nerve damage repair. The main bioactive factors of biofunctionalization include the supporting cells, seed storage proteins and neurotrophic factors, and vaccinating these bioactive factors onto the nerve conduits can promote the nerve repair capacity and functional substitute. The main purpose to study the tissue engineering techniques used in the research of peripheral nerve injury repairing and regeneration lies in the comprehensive application of the catheter, cells and growth factors. The combination of tissue engineering technology and biotechnology will be becoming a hot topic of repairing peripheral nerve injury.