膝关节后交叉韧带断裂对内侧副韧带组织学的影响

背景：通过比较Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原相对数量和Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原的比值可以一定程度上判断韧带的组织学性能。目的：观察膝关节后交叉韧带断裂兔保持较低生理负荷和活动度时内侧副韧带组织学的变化。方法：24只成年雄性家兔双侧膝关节配对为自身对照，实验侧行后交叉韧带完全切断，对照侧只暴露后交叉韧带而不切断，造模后第8，16，24，40周随机处死6只实验兔。进行苏木精-伊红染色，天狼猩红染色检测Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原的相对数量。结果与结论：①苏木精-伊红染色结果：8，16，24周两组内侧副韧带胶原分布、排列无明显差别；40周时实验组胶原纤维较对照组稀疏。②天狼猩红染色结果：8，16，24周实验组内侧副韧带的Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原纤维总和分别较对照组显著增加(P < 0.05)；40周时实验组较对照组显著减少(P < 0.05)；8周实验组和对照组之间内侧副韧带的Ⅰ/Ⅲ型胶原纤维的比值差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；16，24，40周时实验组比值显著分别小于对照组(P < 0.05)。说明兔膝关节后交叉韧带损伤后短期内对内侧副韧带组织学特性无明显影响，随着时间延长，组织学特性显著下降。

Effect of posterior cruciate ligament rupture on histological features of medial collateral ligament

BACKGROUND:By comparing the relative quantity of typeⅠ and III collagens and type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen ratio, we can determine the ligament histology performance to some extent.OBJECTIVE:To explore the histological effect of posterior cruciate ligament injury on the medial collateral ligament under a lower physiological load in rabbits. METHODS:Bilateral knees of 24 male rabbits were enrolled for a self-control trial. Posterior cruciate ligaments at the experimental side were transected, and those in the control side were only exposed but not transected. At the 8th, 16th, 24th and 40th weeks after modeling, six rabbits were executed randomly, and then the histological alteration of the medial collateral ligament was observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining and picrosirius-polarization staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Hematoxylin-eosin staining: At the 8th, 16thand 24th weeks, there was no obvious difference in the collagen distribution and arrangement of the medial collateral ligament between experimental group and control group; at the 40th week, the collagen was thinner in the experimental group. (2)Picrosirius-polarization staining: At the 8th, 16th and 24th weeks, the total number of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagens in the medial collateral ligament of the experiment group was more than that in the control group (P < 0.05); however, at the 40th week, the total number of type I and III collagens in the medial collateral ligament of the experimental group was much fewer than that of the control group (P < 0.05); at the 8th week, ratio of type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen in the medial collateral ligament of the experimental group did not differ from that in the control group (P > 0.05); however, at the 16th, 24th and 40th weeks, the ratio of type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen in the experimental group was much fewer than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In short-term, posterior cruciate ligament injury has no significant effect on histological properties of the rabbit medial collateral ligament. However, the histological properties can decrease significantly with time.