胚胎干细胞移植治疗脑血管疾病

背景：胚胎干细胞移植是否能够成为脑血管疾病治疗有效的方法已成为目前研究的热点。 目的：探讨胚胎干细胞分化神经前体细胞移植治疗脑血管疾病的效果及可行性。 方法：分别建立帕金森病、缺血性脑损伤以及血管性痴呆大鼠模型，并进行胚胎干细胞体外培养，诱导分化为神经前体细胞，将胚胎干细胞分化神经前体细胞移植入相应脑血管疾病模型大鼠脑内，观察脑血管病变大鼠的旋转行为学变化、脑组织病理变化以及海马结构的变化和神经细胞数目的变化。 结果与结论：胚胎干细胞分化神经前体细胞移植入帕金森病大鼠脑内后，阿朴吗啡诱发的旋转次数逐渐减少，呈下降趋势，纹状体多巴胺的含量明显增高。胚胎干细胞分化神经前体细胞移植入缺血性脑损伤大鼠脑内后，能够长期存在于脑内，并迁移、分布于受损的海马，构成海马结构，进一步分化为神经元，并且受损海马内的神经细胞数量明显增加。说明移植的胶质细胞源性神经营养因子基因修饰的胚胎干细胞可改善血管性痴呆大鼠的学习记忆功能，增强神经的可塑性，诱导自身定向迁移并分化为成熟神经元。

Embryonic stem cell transplantation for treatment of cerebrovascular diseases

BACKGROUND: Whether embryonic stem cell transplantation can be an effective method for treatment of cerebrovascular disease has become a hot spot. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and feasibility of embryonic stem cell-differentiated neural precursor cell transplantation for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. METHODS:The rat models of Parkinson’s disease, ischemic brain injury and vascular dementia were established and the embryonic stem cells were in vitro cultured and induced to differentiate into the neural precursor cells. The embryonic stem cell-differentiated neural precursor cells were transplanted into the rat brains with corresponding cerebrovascular disease, and then the rotational behavior changes, pathological changes in the brain tissue as well as changes in the hippocampal structure and the number of nerve cells in the rats with cerebrovascular disease were observed. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION: After the embryonic stem cell-differentiated neural precursor cells transplanted into the rat brains with Parkinson’s disease, the frequency of apomorphine-induced rotation was decreased and in the downward trend, while the striatal dopamine levels were significantly increased. After transplantation of embryonic stem cell-differentiated neural precursor cells into the rat brains with ischemic brain injury, the cells could survive for a long time, and then migrated and distributed in the injured hippocampus to form the hippocampal structure; the cells could differentiate into neurons, and the number of nerve cells in the injured hippocampus was significantly increased. The results indicate that the transplanted glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene-modified embryonic stem cells can improve the learning and memory function of vascular dementia rats, enhance neural plasticity, and induce self-directed migration and differentiation into mature neurons.