Clinical Availability of Component-Resolved Diagnosis Using Microarray Technology in Atopic Dermatitis

Background

Various allergens play a role in the elicitation or exacerbation of eczematous skin lesions in atopic dermatitis (AD), and much research effort has been focused on improving diagnostic tests to identify causative allergens.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of a newly introduced microarray-based specific immunoglobulin E detection assay, ImmunoCAP ISAC, for use in AD patients.

Methods

The serum samples of 25 AD patients were tested by using ISAC and a multiple allergen simultaneous test-enzyme immunoassay (MAST-EIA). In addition, 10 of the 25 patients underwent skin prick testing (SPT). The positive reaction rates to allergens in each test and the agreements, sensitivities, and specificities of ISAC and MAST-EIA were evaluated versus the SPT results.

Results

For ISAC versus SPT, the overall results were as follows: sensitivity, 90.0%; specificity, 98.2%; positive predictive value (PPV), 90.0%; and negative predictive value (NPV), 98.2%. The total agreement and κ value for ISAC versus SPT were 96.9% and 0.882, respectively. For MAST-EIA versus SPT, the sensitivity was 80.0%, specificity 92.7%, PPV 66.7%, and NPV 96.2%. The total agreement and κ value for MAST-EIA versus SPT were 90.8% and 0.672, respectively. The overall agreement between the ISAC and MAST-EIA results was 88%.

Conclusion

The ISAC results in AD correlated well with the SPT results, and compared favorably to the MAST-EIA results. This study demonstrates the potential of ISAC as a convenient allergic diagnostic method in AD patients.