Root Canal Morphology of 116 Maxillary Second Premolars by Micro–Computed Tomography in a Mixed Swiss-German Population with Systematic Review |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;2. Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany;3. WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;4. Division of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, Department of Endodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland;1. Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany;2. Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;1. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bitish Columbia, Canada;2. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China;3. Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Bitish Columbia, Canada;1. Department of Dentistry, Universidade da Região de Joinville, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil;2. School of Health Sciences, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil;3. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;2. Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;3. Department of Endodontics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;1. Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru, School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionThe aim of this investigation was to examine the root canal system morphology of maxillary second premolars (Mx2Ps) of a Swiss-German population by means of micro–computed tomography and provide systematic review of the root canal configuration (RCC) literature of Mx2Ps.MethodsThe RCC, main foramina as well as accessory canals and foramina frequency of 116 Mx2Ps, were investigated by means of micro–computed tomography and 3-dimensional software imaging. The RCC from the coronal to apical thirds of the root as well as the main foramina number were described by using a four-digit system code. The literature review follows the PRISMA guideline analyzing randomized controlled trials and cross-sectional, cohort, comparative, validation, and evaluation studies on RCC in Embase, grey literature, PubMed, and Scopus.ResultsMost frequently observed RCCs of Mx2Ps were 1-1-1/1 (35.3%), 1-1-1/2 (21.6%), and 2-1-1/1 (14.7%). Another 11 less frequent RCCs were observed. All Mx2Ps had 1 root. One main foramen was observed in 59.5% and two in 37.9%. Accessory foramina were observed in 46.6%. Thirty-one percent of the Mx2Ps showed accessory canals. One connecting canal between the buccal and palatal was observed in 12.1%.ConclusionsDetailed RCC information of Mx2Ps in a Swiss-German population and the results of a systematic literature review of different populations and research methods used to investigate root canal morphology and configuration of Mx2Ps are given. Within the limitations of the study, a high RCC, connecting and accessory canals variability occur in maxillary second premolars. |
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| Keywords: | Internal morphology maxillary second premolar micro-CT root canal configuration systematic review |
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