Effects of Tai Chi exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors and quality of life in adults with essential hypertension: A meta-analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.232 Waihuan East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China;2. Department of Joint Surgery, The First People''s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Nanta Road 102, Beihu District, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China;3. Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade Road 111, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China;1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China;2. Translational Medicine Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;3. Department of General Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;4. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;5. Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China;1. School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China;2. College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China;3. Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA;4. The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK;5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA;6. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;7. Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;8. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;9. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;10. Primary Care Department, LHT South-East Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy;11. National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padua, Italy;12. Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway;13. Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;14. Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA;15. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo;p. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada;q. Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada;1. Department of Wushu, Beijing Sport University, China;2. Department of Foreign Languages, Beijing Sport University, China;3. University of Montana, MT, USA;4. Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing & Health Innovation, Arizona State University, AZ, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundHypertension is the major attributable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The effect of Tai Chi on essential hypertension (EH) is contentious.ObjectivesIn this study, we investigated the effects of Tai Chi on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and quality of life in adults with EH.MethodsUsing data collected from 15 databases up to December 2018, we meta-analyzed randomized controlled trials of the effect of Tai Chi on EH.ResultsTai Chi exercise was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD −12.47, 95%CI −16.00 to −8.94, P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD −6.46, 95%CI −8.28 to −4.64, P < 0.001); better quality of life (SMD 0.62, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.90, P < 0.001); lower lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (WMD −0.49, 95% CI −0.62 to −0.37, P < 0.001), triglycerides (WMD −0.49, 95% CI −0.92 to −0.07, P = 0.02), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD −0.86, 95% CI −1.30 to −0.43, P < 0.001); and lower blood glucose (WMD −0.91, 95% CI −1.59 to −0.23, P = 0.009). Tai Chi had no significant effect on high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (WMD −0.92, 95% CI −2.21 to −0.37, P = 0.16).ConclusionsTai Chi lowers blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and blood glucose and significantly increases the quality of life in adults with EH. There is strong evidence for the short-term efficacy of Tai Chi exercises. Larger well-designed RCTs focused on the long-term effect of Tai Chi exercises and patient adherence are needed. |
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