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The Bournemouth Questionnaire for Neck Pain: Cross-cultural Adaptation,Reliability, and Validity of the Turkish Version
Institution:1. Department of Occupational Therapy, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;3. Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ondokuz May?s University, Samsun, Turkey;4. Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey;1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pamukkale University Medical School, Denizli, Turkey;2. Denizli Health Services Vocational College, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey;3. Department of Family Medicine, Pamukkale University Medical School, Denizli, Turkey;4. Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis Center, Denizli, Turkey;1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway;2. Department of Research, Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway;3. Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway;4. The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway;5. Network for Medical Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway;1. Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;2. Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain;3. Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;1. Department of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland;2. Department of Physical Culture of People with Disabilities, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
Abstract:ObjectiveThe aim of this study was first to translate and culturally adapt the BQN, and then to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the BQN in Turkish individuals with chronic neck pain.MethodsThe English version of the BQN was translated into Turkish with permission from its authors. That translation was assessed using 85 participants with a mean age of 46.75 years who had chronic neck pain. At the same time, the participants were assessed sociodemographically and with the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPAD). A test–retest procedure was performed with 62 participants who underwent a second assessment with the BQN within 24 hours of the first assessment, to test its reliability.ResultsInternal consistency was strong and all Cronbach alpha values were between 0.97 and 0.99. The BQN showed high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ? 0.92) for all domains. The total mean (± standard deviation) scores for the 3 questionnaires were as follows: BQN, 30.9 (± 11.18); NPAD, 48.16 (± 12.93); NDI, 17.85 (± 6.29). The results of the Turkish version of the BQN illustrated adequate external construct validity and sensitivity. A Turkish translation of the test has not previously been available for chronic pain.ConclusionThe BQN was successfully translated and culturally adapted into Turkish. The reliability and validity were tested against the NPAD and the NDI. The Turkish version of the BQN is multidimensional, short, practical, and suitable for use with individuals with neck pain.
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