肺移植围手术期大量输血的危险因素及其预后分析

目的  探讨肺移植围手术期大量输血的危险因素及其对预后的影响。方法  回顾性分析159例肺移植受者的临床资料。根据围手术期输血量将受者分为大量输血组（20例）和非大量输血组（139例）。比较两组受者的临床资料，分析肺移植围手术期大量输血的危险因素，总结两组受者的预后情况。结果  两组受者术前抗凝治疗、血红蛋白量、原发病为特发性肺纤维化或特发性肺动脉高压的例数，术中发现胸腔粘连例数、手术时间、各种成分输血量比较，差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）。术前抗凝治疗，术中发现胸腔粘连、使用体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）及手术时间长是肺移植围手术期大量输血的危险因素（均为P < 0.05）。大量输血组原发性移植物功能障碍（PGD）3级发生率和术后30 d内病死率均高于非大量输血组（均为P < 0.01）。体质量指数（BMI）低和大量输血是受者术后30 d内死亡的危险因素（P=0.048、P < 0.001）。大量输血组受者的1年生存率低于非大量输血组（P < 0.001）。结论  术前抗凝治疗及术中发现胸腔粘连、使用ECMO和手术时间长是肺移植围手术期大量输血的危险因素，大量输血对受者预后有不良影响。

Analysis of risk factors and clinical prognosis of massive blood transfusion during perioperative period of lung transplantation

Objective To investigate the risk factors and clinical prognosis of massive blood transfusion during the perioperative period of lung transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 159 lung transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. According to the quantity of perioperative blood transfusion, all recipients were divided into the massive blood transfusion group (n=20) and non-massive blood transfusion group (n=139). Clinical data of lung transplant recipients were statistically compared between two groups. The risk factors of perioperative massive blood transfusion were analyzed. Clinical prognosis of the recipients was observed in two groups. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in preoperative data including anticoagulant therapy, hemoglobin content, the number of recipents with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, and intraoperative data including the number of recipents presenting with intraoperative intrathoracic adhesion, operation time and the amount of various component transfusion(all P < 0.05). Preoperative anticoagulant therapy, incidence of intraoperative intrathoracic adhesion, use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and long operation time were the risk factors of massive blood transfusion during perioperative period of lung transplantation(all P < 0.05). In the massive blood transfusion group, the incidence rate of grade Ⅲ primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and the fatality within postoperative 30 d were higher compared with those in the non-massive blood transfusion group(both P < 0.01). Low body mass index (BMI) and massive blood transfusion were the risk factors for death within postoperative 30 d(P=0.048、P < 0.001). The 1-year survival rate in the massive blood transfusion group was lower than that in the non-massive blood transfusion group(P < 0.001). Conclusions Preoperative anticoagulant therapy, incidence of intraoperative intrathoracic adhesion, use of ECMO and long operation time are the risk factors for massive blood transfusion during perioperative period of lung transplantation. Massive blood transfusion negatively affects the clinical prognosis of the recipients undergoing lung transplantation.