实验树鼩主要内分泌腺的组织学观察

目的 了解树鼩主要内分泌腺的组织学结构特征，建立树鼩正常的内分泌腺组织学图谱。方法 选取人工饲养的健康树鼩10只，麻醉后放血处死和病理解剖，对甲状腺、甲状旁腺、肾上腺及脑垂体进行病理大体检查和取材，常规病理制片，采用常规组织HE 染色技术,显微镜下观察组织学结构。结果 （1）甲状腺呈淡黄色，位于气管两侧，在第2~4气管软骨环之间，呈板状，表面包有薄层被膜，被膜伸人甲状腺实质内分成若干小叶。小叶内有滤泡和滤泡旁细胞，滤泡腔内可见红染胶质。（2）甲状旁腺每侧一个，位于甲状腺颅侧或中部外表面，稍被甲状腺覆盖，呈圆形或卵圆形，其实质由主细胞和嗜酸性细胞组成，并可见腺泡样结构。（3）肾上腺呈卵圆形，赭黄色，位于肾门颅侧，与肾相连。肾上腺外包被膜，实质明显区分为皮质和髓质两部分。皮质从外到内可分为球状带、束状带和网状带。球状带最厚，束状带最薄，网状带介于中间。髓质部细胞形成团块或网状，髓质中央有静脉。（4）脑垂体位于蝶鞍内，没有垂体隐窝，垂体有腺垂体和神经垂体两部组成，表面包有结缔组织被膜。腺垂体分为远侧部、中间部和结节部，神经垂体由神经部和漏洞部组成。结论 基本建立了树鼩内分泌腺组织学图谱，其在组织形态学上接近于灵长类动物，可以为研究树鼩内分泌腺的功能和病变，以及建立人类相关疾病的动物模型提供组织学依据。

Histological observations of the major endocrine gland

Objective to understand histological structure characteristics of the major endocrine glands of tree shrew, and establish normal histological atlas about endocrine glands of tree shrew. Methods 10 artificial feeding healthy tree shrews were killed and dissected after anesthesia, the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pituitary pathology gross inspection and sampling, routine pathological section, using conventional HE staining, observed the histological structure under the microscope. Results (1) the thyroid is pale yellow, located on both sides of the 2~4 the tracheal rings , the thyroid gland is plate-shaped, its surface is covered with thin membrane, The thyroid parenchyma is divided into several lobules by stretched membrane. follicular and parafollicular cells in lobule, red gum in follicular cavity. (2) Each side has one parathyroid , it located on the cranial or the outer surface of the thyroid middle part, and is covered slightly by thyroid, it is round or oval, its parenchyma is made up of the principal cells and eosinophils, and acinar structures appear in parenchyma. (3) the adrenal glands is oval, yellow ochre, it is located in the renal hilus cranial, and linked to kidney. its surface is covered with thin membrane, the essence is divided into cortex and medulla. The cortex is divided into zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis from the outside to the inside. The zona glomerulosa is the most thickness, Zona fasciculata is the most thinnest, zona reticularis is between zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata intermediate. Medulla cells formed clumps or mesh, its central has central vein. (4) the pituitary gland is located in intrasellar, no recessus hypophysis, pituitary consists of adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, its surface is covered with a connective tissue capsule. The pituitary gland is divided into distal part, middle part and pars tuberalis, neurohypophysis is made up of neural and vulnerability part. Conclusion the endocrine glands histological atlas of tree shrew is established, which is close to the primate animal in the morphology, and provide histological evidence for the study of tree shrew endocrine glands and lesions, as well as the animal model of human disease .