精神分裂症患者与其健康同胞的注意和执行功能障碍的对照研究

目的　探讨精神分裂症患者及其健康同胞的注意、工作记忆 /执行功能的特点。方法对 5 0例精神分裂症患者 (患者组 )及其健康同胞 5 0名 (同胞组 ) ,以及 4 5名正常对照者 (正常对照组 )采用威斯康星卡片分类测验 (WCST)和持续操作测验 (CPT) ,评估注意、工作记忆 /执行功能。结果　(1)在WCST中 ,患者组及其同胞组的总测验次数 (分别为 83 4± 2 3 2和 74 1± 2 4 6 )、持续错误数 (分别为 2 5 8± 11 7和 2 2 8± 10 7)、随机错误数 (33 4± 19 2和 2 5 9± 17 1)均高于正常对照组 (分别为6 0 0± 2 1 6、14 8± 8 3和 18 1± 16 0 ;P <0 0 1)。 (2 )在CPT中 ,患者组的评分 [(2 8 4± 4 0 )分 ]低于同胞组 [(30 4± 2 3)分 ]和正常对照组 [(30 9± 2 8)分 ],而同胞组与正常对照组的差异无显著性(P >0 0 5 )。(3)患者组及其同胞组发生执行功能障碍 (分别为 2 9例和 2 5例 )和注意缺陷 (分别为 2 2例和 7例 )的例数均多于正常对照组 (分别为 9例和 4例 ;P <0 0 1) ,其中有工作记忆 /执行功能缺陷的精神分裂症患者 ,其同胞出现这一缺陷的比率 (6 6 % )高于无缺陷的精神分裂症患者的同胞 (2 8% )。(4)WCST中的持续错误数与文化程度呈负相关 (r =- 0 32 ,P <0 0 1) ,CPT与性别 (r=- 0 2

Attention and executive function impairment in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings

ObjectiveTo study the attention and working memory/executive function in patients with schizophrenia and their siblings. MethodsFifty patients with schizophrenia, 50 siblings of the patients, and 45 normal controls were entered in the study. Attention and working memory/executive function were measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Continuous Performance Test (CPT). ResultsPatients and their siblings had worse WCST performance than the normal controls ( P <0.05). Compared with the controls, the patients but not the siblings showed impaired CPT ( P <0.05). The siblings of patients with working memory/execution impairment had significantly higher WCST perseverative errors than the siblings of patient without. There were no significant relationship between perseverative errors and CPT. ConclusionsThe results support that not only the patients with schizophrenia, but their unaffected siblings have attention and working memory/executive function impairment.