北京某社区老年人群听力水平分布情况及自我认知能力的调查研究*

目的全面了解老年人群中不同听力水平分布情况和老年人对听力的自我认知能力.方法通过问卷调查获得老年人群听力水平自我评估结果,再通过纯音测听检测受试人群听力,评估老年人群对听力水平的自我认知能力.结果接受调查的516例老年人中,听力正常者181人(35.08%),轻度听力损失171人(33.14%),中度听力损失155人(30.04%),重度听力损失9人(1.74%);其中266人(51.55%)对自我的听力水平认知正确,171人(33.14%)自我认知听力水平高于实际水平,79人(15.31%)自我认知听力水平低于实际水平.结论在全身情况基本正常的老年人群中,50%以上的老年人能够正确认知自己的听力状况.

The Distribution of Hearing Levels and the Self-cognitive Abilities of the Elderly People in a Community in Beijing

@@@@Objective To investigate the distribution of hearing levels and the self-cognitive abilities of the elderly people in a community in Beijing. Methods The self-assessment results of the elderly people about their hearing levels were obtained through a questionnaire survey. Then, the pure-tone audiometry were performed to detect the hearing levels of the elderly people and to evaluate their self-assessment abilities of hearing levels. Results A total of 516 elderly people received the questionnaire survey and pure-tone audiometry. According to audiological test, there were 181 people with normal hearing （35.08%）, 171 with mild hearing loss （33.14%）, 155 with moderate hearing loss （30.04%） and 9 with severe hearing loss. The self-assessed hearing levels of 266 people（51.55%）were consistent with the audiological test results. The self-assessed hearing levels of 171 people were higher than the actual level （33.14%） and the self-assessed hearing levels of 79 people were lower than the actual level （15.31%）. Conclusion More than half of the elderly people in generally good health can assess their hearing levels properly.