茂名市50年来麻疹疫情流行情况分析与控制策略的探讨

目的探讨实施计划免疫前后麻疹流行特征的变化规律。方法将1950年以来的疫情资料划分为疫苗前、预防接种和计划免疫三个阶段进行对比分析。结果疫苗使用前(1950～1965年)、预防接种阶段(1966-1983年)和计划免疫阶段(1984～2001年)的麻疹年平均发病率分别为669．63／10万、494．71／10万和6．72／10万。实施计划免疫后，麻疹的流行特征表现为流行强度大大减弱，流行周期消失，流行季节不明显．发病年龄后移，不典型病例增多。结论计划免疫阶段的麻疹流行特征已发生根本性改变，现阶段麻疹控制策略是保持高水平的麻疹疫苗接种率，加强麻疹流行病学和血清学监测，开展麻疹强化免疫活动。

Studies of the Epidemiology and Control Strategy of Measles in the Last 50 Years in Maoming City

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of measles before and after the implementation of vaccination against measles. Methods Epidemiological characteristics of measles before, during and after the implementation of vaccination against measles were analyzed. Results The average rates of the outbreak of measles in the three stages:before (1950-1965), during (1966-1983) and after (1984-2001) implementation of vaccination against measles were 669.63/100 thousand, 494/100 thousand,and 6.72/100 thousand, respectively. After the implementation of the vaccination program, the spread of measles was under control, the cycle of outbreak was disappeared,the seasonal outbreak was not obvious,the age of infected people was older, and atypical cases were increased. Conclusions The epidemiological characteristics of measles were fundamentally changed after implementation of the vaccination program. The current strategy of the control measurement is to increase the rate of vaccination of the population, enhance the epidemiological and serological surveillance, and to start the booster program.