湘西少数民族地区健康人群乙肝免疫水平及新生儿乙肝免疫成功率监测研究

目的了解少数民族地区健康人群乙肝抗体水平及新生儿乙肝疫苗全程合格接种后的免疫效果,为制定乙肝免疫策略提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样法选择湘西土家族苗族自治州40名新生儿、286名健康人群,采用ELISA双抗原一步夹心法检测乙肝病毒表面抗体（抗-HBs）。结果在40名新生儿全程接种乙肝疫苗后,抗-HBs阳性率达100%;健康人群抗-HBs阳性率平均为64.34%,各年龄组间抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义;在有免疫接种史的人群中,各年龄组抗体均值差异有统计学意义。结论在15岁以下人群中抗-HBs阳性率有随着年龄的增加其抗体含量下降的趋势;建议提高乙肝疫苗接种剂量,在完成乙肝疫苗全程免疫后3~5年加强一针;乙肝防控的工作重点要向15岁以上人群倾斜。

Monitoring of Hepatitis B Antibodies in the Healthy Population and Immune Successful Rate of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Infants in the Minority Area of Western Hunan

Objective To investigate the antibody level of healthy population after hepatitis B vaccination and the immune-effects of infants inoculated with eligible full-course hepatitis B vaccines in the minority area,and to provide the scientific evidence for formulating hepatitis B immunization strategies. Methods With cluster random sampling method,40 newborns and 286 healthy individuals were selected from Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.A doubleantigen sandwich ELISA was used to detect the anti-HBs antibody. Results After hepatitis B vaccination,the positive rates of anti-HBs antibody of 40 infants and the healthy population reached 100% and 64.34%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of anti-HBs antibody among the different age-groups in the healthy population.Among the healthy population with hepatitis B vaccination,there were statistically significant differences in geometric mean of antibody titers(GMTs) among different age-groups. Conclusions The anti-HBs positive rate of the children under 15 years old was declined with increasing age.The results suggest that it is necessary to increase the dosage of hepatitis B vaccine and inject a booster shot within 3-5 years after a full-course of hepatitis B vaccination.More attention should be paid to the population aged 15 years and over in hepatitis B prevention and control work.