新疆兵团中学生不健康饮食行为现状分析

目的分析兵团中学生不健康饮食行为及其不同类型学校间差异,为针对性制定预防计划及干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群分层随机抽样方法,采用北京大学儿童青少年研究所2008年编制的《中国青少年健康危险行为调查问卷》,对40所不同类型学校共17 541名中学生的不健康饮食行为进行调查和统计分析。结果男、女生不健康饮食行为检出率分别为：除频繁喝软饮料0.96%和0.73%（χ2=4.193,P〉0.05）差异无统计学意义外,频繁吃甜点心6.17%和10.42%（χ2=247.12,P〈0.01）;频繁吃西式快餐2.31%和2.79%（χ2=63.597,P〈0.01）;偏食30.28%和39.46%（χ2=30.954,P〈0.01）;不喝牛奶25.03%和15.88%（χ2=1 013.734,P〈0.01）;不吃早餐24.04%和24.60%（χ2=448.421,P〈0.01）;不健康减肥行为16.10%和31.88%（χ2=21.127,P〈0.01）。各种行为检出率有明显的性别、年级、不同类型学校间差异,兵团中学生频繁吃西式快餐、不喝牛奶、不吃早餐状况高于全国2005年水平,不良饮食习惯聚集性高;重点初中和职业高中生是不健康减肥行为的重点干预人群。结论兵团中学生不健康饮食行为严重,应加强兵团中学生不健康饮食行为的预防,通过健康促进学校,开展生活技能教育等措施实施。

Analysis on Current Status of Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors Among Middle School Students in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

Objective To analyze unhealthy dietary behaviors of middle school students and the difference among different types of schools in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,and to provide evidence for formulating targeted prevention programs and intervention measures. Methods With cluster stratified random sampling method,17,541 middle school students selected from 40 schools were surveyed by Health Risk Behavior Questionnaires for Chinese Adolescents designed by Institute of Child and Adolescent Health,Peking University in 2008,and their unhealthy dietary behaviors were investigated and statistically analyzed. Results No statistically significant difference was found in the detection rates of frequently drinking soft drinks between male and female students(0.96% and 0.73%),(χ2=4.193,P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates in frequently eating dessert(6.17% and 10.42%),(χ2=247.12,P<0.01),often eating western fast food(2.31% and 2.79%),(χ2=63.597,P<0.01),monophagia(30.28% and 39.46%),(χ2=30.954,P<0.01),without drinking milk(25.03% and 15.88%),(χ2=1,013.734,P<0.01),without eating breakfast(24.04% and 24.60%),(χ2=448.421,P<0.01),and unhealthy weight loss behaviors(16.10% and 31.88%),(χ2=21.127,P<0.01) between male and female students.There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of unhealthy dietary behaviors among different ages and grades,and different types of schools.The situation about frequently eating western fast food,without drinking milk and without eating breakfast in the students was inferior to the national level in 2005,and the unhealthy dietary habits showed a high aggregation.Students of key junior middle schools and vocational schools were the key intervention population with unhealthy weight loss behaviors. Conclusions Unhealthy dietary behaviors of the middle school students are serious.It is necessary to strengthen the work about preventing unhealthy dietary behaviors through conducting health promotion and life skill education in schools.