Cognition in specific learning disability |
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Authors: | Sunil Karande Sulaxna Sawant Madhuri Kulkarni Sandeep Kanchan Rukhshana Sholapurwala |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Learning Disability Clinic, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India;(2) Flat 24, Joothica, 5th Floor, Opposite Grant Road Post Office, 22A, Naushir Bharucha Road, 400 007 Mumbai, India |
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Abstract: | Objective : To compare the cognition abilities of children with specific learning disability (SpLD) viz. dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia
with those of non-impaired children.Methods : The study group consisted of 95 newly diagnosed SpLD children (aged 9–14 years) and the control group consisted of 125
non-impaired children (aged 9–14 years). An academic achievement of two years below the actual grade placement on educational
assessment with a Curriculum-Based test was considered diagnostic of SpLD. A battery of 13 cognition function tests based
on Guilford’s Structure of Intellect Model was administered individually on each child in four areas of information viz. fieural,
symbolic, semantic and behavioral. Mean scores ±SD obtained in these four areas were calculated in both groups and compared
using Independent Samples t-test. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results : Children with SpLD had significantly lower scores (mean ±SD) in all four areas of information: maximally in the symbolic
area (18.66 ±4.83 vs. 28.30 ±4.29, mean difference 9.64, P< 0.0001, df = 218,95% Cl 8.43-10.86), followed by semantic (18.72
±5.07vs 27.36 ±4.17, mean difference 8.64, P< 0.0001, df=218, 95% Cl 7.40 9.87), figurai (17.10 ±5.24 vs 25.14 ±3.36, mean difference
8.04, P< 0.0001, df=218, 95% CI 6.89-9.19), and behavioral (5.68 ±2.10vs 7.54 ±1.46, mean difference 1.86, P< 0.0001, df = 218, 95% C11.39-2.33) areas.Conclusion : Cognition abilities are significantly impaired in children with SpLD. |
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Keywords: | Cognition disorders Dyslexia Mainstreaming (Education) Remedial Teaching |
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