颌面部血管的应用解剖

目的对人体颌面部血管进行巨微解剖及血管铸型,为临床皮瓣设计提供解剖学依据。方法①3例正常成人头颈部标本,经颈总动脉灌注红色乳胶,由浅入深逐层解剖,观测并记录颌面部血管的起始处外径、走行、分支、分布、吻合及伴行情况;②3例正常成人新鲜头颈部标本,加压注入红色过氯乙烯填充剂,经腐蚀后观察颌面部血管的来源、走行、分支、分布、吻合及伴行情况。结果颌面部的血供主要来源于面动脉、眼动脉、上颌动脉和颞浅动脉的分支。面动脉的分支主要供血面颊部、唇部、鼻部和颏区;眼动脉的分支主要供血眼球、眼球外肌、泪腺、鼻背和眼睑;上颌动脉的分支主要供血牙及牙龈、颊部、下颌关节、鼻腔、腭、咀嚼肌;颞浅动脉的分支主要供血腮腺、眼轮匝肌、上下睑外侧皮肤、颞部的软组织及面神经颧支、上颊支和颞支。结论颌面部动脉血管系统的解剖学资料,可为临床颌面部整形美容术提供了应用参考依据。

Applied anatomy of maxillofacial region's blood vessel

Objective　To provide the reference of applied anatomy for flap design of maxillofacial region, by adopting macromicrodissection and blood vessel cast skill.　Methods　①Antisepsis fixation and by way of common carotid artery filling emulsion stuffing dealt with 3 specimens of healthy adult cephal-neck region. Dissection was performed bit by bit from the surface to the deep, for observing and recording the origin diameter, courses, branches, distribution of maxillofacial region's blood vessels; ②Three fresh healthy adult cephal-neck region's specimen were filled with red perchloroethylene stuffing through the common carotid artery. After the corrosion, the origin, courses, branches, distribution and anastomosis of maxillofacial region's blood vessels were explored.　Results　Maxillofacial region's blood supply was mainly from the branches of facial artery, ophthalmic and maxillary artery, and superficial temporal artery, while that of cheek, lips, nose and chin area were from the branches of facial artery, that of eyeball, extraocular muscles, lacrimal gland and dorsumand palpebrae were from the branches of ophthalmic artery, that of teeth, gingiva, cheek, mandibular joint, nasal cavity, palate and muscles of mastication were from the branches of maxillary artery, and that of parotid gland, orbicularis oculi, soft tissue of temporal and branch of facial nerve were from the branches of superficial temporal artery, respectively.　Conclusions　 It is a beneficial reference for the approach of plastic operation in maxillofacial region, by investigating systematic anatomic features of maxillofacial region's blood supply.