新疆准噶尔乌头及其炮制品的急性毒性和镇痛作用实验研究

目的研究新疆准噶尔乌头生品及其炮制品的急性毒性和镇痛作用。方法对小鼠腹腔注射不同浓度的准噶尔乌头生品和3种炮制品水煎液,采用改进寇氏法获得准噶尔乌头及其炮制品对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。采用辐射热刺激法和醋酸致小鼠扭体实验,考察准噶尔乌头及其炮制品高、中、低不同剂量的镇痛活性。结果 (1)新疆准噶尔乌头生品及其炮制品毒性:生品>文献法>药典法>哈族法,新疆准噶尔乌头生品、药典法、文献法、哈族法炮制品的LD50分别为3.079 2、26.219 1、10.587 3、39.870 2g/kg。(2)与对照组相比,药典法、哈族法炮制品的低剂量组痛阈值无明显差异(P>0.05),镇痛效果弱;其余给药组的痛阈值增大(P<0.05～0.01),具有镇痛效果,能明显延长由小鼠辐射热刺激所引起的小鼠甩尾潜伏期。与盐酸曲马多组比较,准噶尔乌头生品及其各炮制品的高剂量组差异无统计学意义。(3)与对照组相比,盐酸曲马多组、生品、药典法炮制品、文献法炮制品的高剂量组与中剂量组以及哈族法炮制品的高剂量组均可以减少小鼠扭体次数(P<0.05～0.01),具有一定的镇痛作用。结论新疆准噶尔乌头生品及其炮制品具有一定的毒性,应引起临床用药的注意;同时,新疆准噶尔乌头生品及其炮制品具有不同程度的镇痛作用。

The Study on acute toxicity and analgesic action of Aconitum soongaricum Stapf and its processed products from Xinjiang

Objective To study the acute toxicity and analgesic effects of different processed products of Aconitum soongaricum Stapf.Methods The LD₅0 of mice was measured by the improved Karber method with intraperitoneal injection of different concentrations of different processed products of Aconitum soongaricum Stapf.At the same time,used radiant heat stimulation and acetic acid induced writhing test and studied the analgesic activity of different processed products of Aconitum soongaricum Stapf in high,middle,low dose.Results（1） The toxicity order of different processed products of Aconitum soongaricum Stapf: product >Literature method >Pharmacopoeia method（2010） >Kazakh method;The result shows that the LD₅0 are 3.079 2 g/kg,26.219 1 g/kg,10.587 3 g/kg and 39.870 2 g/kg respectively.（2） Compared with contrast group,there is no difference of pain threshold between the low dose from Pharmacopoeia method（2010） and Kazakh method;the pain threshold of other administration groups increased,which have analgesic effects and prolong the tail-flick latency significantly,caused by radiant heat stimulation.Compared with Tramadol group,there is no difference of the high dose of different processed products of Aconitum soongaricum Stapf.（3） Compared with contrast group,the Tramadol group and the high dose and middle dose of product,Pharmacopoeia method（2010）,Literature method and high dose of Kazakh method can reduce rat torsion times（P<0.05-0.01）,which have analgesic effects.Conclusion The product and different processed products of Aconitum soongaricum Stapf have certain toxicity,which should be concern in clinical application.Meanwhile,the product and different processed products of Aconitum soongaricum Stapf all have different degrees of analgesic action.