一例原发性肺动脉高压家族的临床与遗传学特点

目的 阐明家族性原发性肺动脉高压(PPH)的临床与遗传学特点。方法 对河南省驻马店地区1例PPH家系成员进行了详细的临床及实验室检查。采集所有家系成员外周血并提取DNA,设计BMPR2基因外显子1-13含侧翼内含子序列引物,对聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增产物纯化后测序,与正常BMPR2基因序列比较。以100名正常志愿者的临床检查和测序结果作为对照。结果 发现先证者及其弟弟和先证者之女共3人患有重度肺动脉高压,肺源性心脏病,心脏扩大,心功能Ⅲ级。其中以先证者病情最为严重,35岁时发病。先证者之母于42岁发病,43岁去世;而先证者之女13岁即已发病。先证者其他家系成员临床检查未见异常。测序证实先证者等3例患者的BMPR2基因11号外显子的第491位密码子发生C—T转换,导致该位置编码的精氨酸(R)变为色氨酸（W),而其他家系成员没有发现此突变。对照组未见临床及遗传学检查的异常。结论 BMPR2基因的R491W错义突变可致汉族人群家族性PPH的发生,提示与白种人一样,BMPR2基因也是我国PPH重要的致病基因。此突变表型在本家系中表现出症状严重,外显率高的特征,且没有健康携带者,并有发病年龄逐渐提前的趋势。

Clinical and genetic characteristics of a Chinese family of primary pulmonary hypertension

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of familial primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) in Han nationality. METHODS: The clinical and laboratory features of patients of familial PPH in a family of Han nationality in Zhumadian, Henan Province, including the propositus, female, aged 37, her 29-years-old brother, and her 14-years-old daughter, were summarized. Samples of peripheral blood were collected from all family members and 100 healthy volunteers. Genomic DNA of the peripheral white blood cells was extracted from the samples. Primers for the exon 1 - 13 including the lateral intron of bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II (BMPR2) gene were designed. Then the genomic DNA was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were purified, sequenced, and compared with the sequence of normal BMPR2 gene. RESULTS: The 3 patients in this family, coming down with the illness at the ages of 35, 23, and 13 respectively, suffered from severe pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale with the clinical manifestations of cough, hemoptysis, heart enlargement, and cardiac function of class III. The propositus' mother came down with PPH in the age of 42 and died 1 year later. Sequence analysis showed codon 491 C-->T conversion in exon 11 in all three patients (heterozygote), which induces arginine to change to tryptophan (R491W). None BMPR2 mutation was identified in the 100 normal controls and other family members without PPH. CONCLUSION: As in the white people, the missense mutation of R491W in BMPR2 gene is also one crucial pathogenetic gene of familial PPH in Han nationality. There is no normal carrier of such genotype.