三种方法检测乙型肝炎表面抗原的临床应用及评价

目的对3种不同检测方法即时间分辨荧光免疫分析法（TRFIA）、酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）、胶体金法（ACON）就检测乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）的结果进行分析。方法 198例乙型肝炎患者为试验组,126例非乙型肝炎患者为对照组,分别用以上3种方法同时检测HBsAg并对检测结果进行分析。结果 3种检验方法的灵敏度及特异性由高到低依次是：TRFIA、ELISA、ACON。结论 ACON成本低廉,时效快但灵敏度偏低,可作为一般性初筛,不能作为确诊依据。ELISA成本低,操作简便、灵敏度高、能基本满足临床需要,可作为定性检测HBsAg为临床诊断和基础研究提供可靠的实验依据。TRFIA成本高、试剂稳定性好、灵敏度高、特异性好,能定量检测血样中HBsAg的浓度,常被用作乙型肝炎病毒感染的确诊实验。

Clinical application and evaluation of three methods of detection on hepatitis B surface antigen

Objective To analyze results of HBV surface antigen（HBsAg） tested by three different detection methods which are time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay （TRFIA）, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, colloidal gold （ACON） detection. Methods 198 cases of hepatitis B patients were collected for the test group, 126 patients with non-B hepatitis patients as a control group,and we dectected the HBsAg by using the above three methods and the results were analyzed. Results The sensitivity and specificity were in descending order of the three test methods： TRFIA, ELISA, ACON. Conclusion ACON cost,but its sensitivity is low,which can be used as a general screening,but can not be used to the diagnosis. ELISA costs low,with simple operation,high sensitivity, and can basically meet the clinical needs which can provide reliable experimental basis for clinical diagnosis and basic research as a qualitative detection of HBsAg. TRFIA costs high,with reagent stability, high sensitivity, specificity, which can quantitatively detect the concentration of HBsAg in the blood sample,and it was used as the definitive test for HBV infection.