我国尘肺防治策略探讨

本文分析了尘肺发病情况,认为我国１９８６年前“政府指令领导,行业行政管理,企业综合防治,群众舆论监督”的尘肺防治策略,是符合当时国情的,亦使尘肺病得到有效控制。１９９１￣１９９６年与８０年代同期尘肺发病比较,尘肺发病呈逐年下降趋势,年递减率７．２５％。但是尘肺还占职业病发病数的６２％￣６８％;年病死率高达１．２％￣１．４％。据１９８６年尘肺流行病学调查,尘肺病已造成直接和间接经济损失高达５０亿人民

PREVENTION AND CONTROL STRATEGY OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS IN CHINA

The situation of pneumoconiosis in China was analyzed. The prevention and control strategiesof pneumoconiosis before 1986,i. e. "led by government,managed and administered by trade, com-prehensive prevention and control strategies executed by enterprises and supervised by tradeunion"was feasible for this country in then circumstance,which had achieved great effect in control-ling pneumoconiosis. Compared with the prevalence rate in 80's, that during 1991 - 1996 had de-creased successively by 7. 25% Per year. But pneumoconiosis still accounted for 62% - 68% of alloccupational diseases and its mortality rate reached 1. 2 N - 1. 4 %. Direct and indirect economic losscaused by pneumoconiosis cost 5 billion yuan according to the data of nationwide epidemiological in-vestigation of pneumoconiosis in 1986. So pneumoconiosis should be the priority of prevention andcontrol for occupational diseases. Facing to new problems occurred with economic development,author suggested that strategies should be adjusted. The government should determine the pro-gramme and goal of prevention and control of pneumoconiosis,industries should strengthen theirorganizational,directory and self-managing ability,enterprises should take the legal and economicduty in prevention and control of pneumoconipsis, as well as carry out the comprehensive measuresof prevention and control,the trade union should protect workers legal rights and execute dutiesassociated with rights. Contents and means of implementation were put forward according to theadjusted strategies. It is also suggested that internationa1 cooperation should be strengthened,eachdepartment and each region should execute seriously the part of the strategies of their own,health sectors and other departments should cooperate with their responsibility, participate activelyand do supervision,consultation and service well.