儿童患者围手术期抗菌药物应用监测和医院感染情况分析

目的：了解住院儿童围手术期抗菌药物使用和医院感染情况，为规范抗菌药物的使用提供依据。方法：连续3年随机抽取10％的手术儿童患者的出院病历进行围手术期抗菌药物使用的合理性评价和分析。结果：抗菌药物使用率为100％。使用频次排序前3位的是第2代头孢菌素、青霉素类、第3代头孢菌素；88.7％的病例存在抗菌药物使用不合理情况，其中无适应证用药占31.16％，45.3％的联合用药不合理，21.5％的病例单次剂量过大，仅8.6％的病例用药时机正确。医院感染发生率为5.93％，年龄和性别与医院感染发生率关系不大。结论：住院儿童患者围手术期抗菌药物不合理使用情况比较普遍，需要进一步加大干预力度，促进其规范化使用。

Monitoring of the Pediatric Perioperative Use of Antibiotics and Nosocomial Infection Analysis

OBJECTIVE： To probe into the pediatric perioperative utilization of antibiotics and the nosocomial infections so as to provide basis for standardizing the use of antibiotics. METHODS： Each year, 10% medical records of the discharged children who had undergone surgery in our hospital were randomly collected in 3 successive years for evaluation and analysis of the rationality of the perioperative use of antibiotics. RESULTS： All patients （100%） received antibiotic drugs, dominating the first three places of all the categories in terms of medication frequency were the second generation cephalosporins, penicillins, and the third - generation cephalosporins. Irrational use of antibiotics were found in 88.7% of the cases, of which, nonindicated drug use, irrational drug combination, overdosage represented 31.16%, 45.3 %, and 21.5%, respectively, and only 8.6% were correct in medication time. The total nosocomial infection rate was 5.93 %, which had little association with sex and age. CONCLUSION： Irrational perioperative utilization of antibiotics in hospitalized children is commonly seen; therefore, measures should be taken to tighten control on the rational use of antibiotics to standardize their use.