Multi-level characterization of human femoral cortices and their underlying osteocyte network reveal trends in quality of young,aged, osteoporotic and antiresorptive-treated bone |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Movement Science (ISM), CNRS, UMR 7287, Aix-Marseille University, av. de, Luminy, F-13288 Marseille France;2. Laboratory of Mechanics and Acoustics (LMA), CNRS, UPR 7051, Aix-Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, 31 chemin Joseph-Aiguier, F-13402 Marseille cedex 20, France;3. Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, NY 10314, United States;4. INSERM, UMR 1033, F-69008 Lyon, France;5. Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France;1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, United States of America;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, United States of America;3. UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, United States of America;1. Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;2. Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;3. St. Vincent''s Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;4. School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;5. Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA;6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;1. MSME, CNRS UMR 8208, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Creteil, France;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;3. Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen 5232, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Characterization of bone's hierarchical structure in aging, disease and treatment conditions is imperative to understand the architectural and compositional modifications to the material and its mechanical integrity. Here, cortical bone sections from 30 female proximal femurs – a frequent fracture site – were rigorously assessed to characterize the osteocyte lacunar network, osteon density and patterns of bone matrix mineralization by backscatter-electron imaging and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in relation to mechanical properties obtained by reference-point indentation. We show that young, healthy bone revealed the highest resistance to mechanical loading (indentation) along with higher mineralization and preserved osteocyte-lacunar characteristics. In contrast, aging and osteoporosis significantly alter bone material properties, where impairment of the osteocyte-lacunar network was evident through accumulation of hypermineralized osteocyte lacunae with aging and even more in osteoporosis, highlighting increased osteocyte apoptosis and reduced mechanical competence. But antiresorptive treatment led to fewer mineralized lacunae and fewer but larger osteons signifying rejuvenated bone. In summary, multiple structural and compositional changes to the bone material were identified leading to decay or maintenance of bone quality in disease, health and treatment conditions. Clearly, antiresorptive treatment reflected favorable effects on the multifunctional osteocytic cells that are a prerequisite for bone's structural, metabolic and mechanosensory integrity. |
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| Keywords: | Mechanical properties Fracture mechanism Biomineralization Microstructure Osteoporosis Bone |
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