Combination of aligned PLGA/Gelatin electrospun sheets,native dental pulp extracellular matrix and treated dentin matrix as substrates for tooth root regeneration |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;2. National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;4. Department of Pedodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec., Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province, China;1. Textile Engineering Group, Department of Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran;2. Mechanical Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore;3. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore;4. Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | In tissue engineering, scaffold materials provide effective structural support to promote the repair of damaged tissues or organs through simulating the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironments for stem cells. This study hypothesized that simulating the ECM microenvironments of periodontium and dental pulp/dentin complexes would contribute to the regeneration of tooth root. Here, aligned PLGA/Gelatin electrospun sheet (APES), treated dentin matrix (TDM) and native dental pulp extracellular matrix (DPEM) were fabricated and combined into APES/TDM and DPEM/TDM for periodontium and dental pulp regeneration, respectively. This study firstly examined the physicochemical properties and biocompatibilities of both APES and DPEM in vitro, and further investigated the degradation of APES and revascularization of DPEM in vivo. Then, the potency of APES/TDM and DPEM/TDM in odontogenic induction was evaluated via co-culture with dental stem cells. Finally, we verified the periodontium and dental pulp/dentin complex regeneration in the jaw of miniature swine. Results showed that APES possessed aligned fiber orientation which guided cell proliferation while DPEM preserved the intrinsic fiber structure and ECM proteins. Importantly, both APES/TDM and DPEM/TDM facilitated the odontogenic differentiation of dental stem cells in vitro. Seeded with stem cells, the sandwich composites (APES/TDM/DPEM) generated tooth root-like tissues after being transplanted in porcine jaws for 12 w. In dental pulp/dentin complex-like tissues, columnar odontoblasts-like layer arranged along the interface between newly-formed predentin matrix and dental pulp-like tissues in which blood vessels could be found; in periodontium complex-like tissues, cellular cementum and periodontal ligament (PDL)-like tissues were generated on the TDM surface. Thus, above results suggest that APES and DPEM exhibiting appropriate physicochemical properties and well biocompatibilities, in accompany with TDM, could make up an ECM microenvironment for tooth root regeneration, which also offers a strategy for complex tissue or organ regeneration. |
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| Keywords: | Electrospun sheet Extracellular matrix Decellularization Tooth root Regeneration |
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