Direct imaging of biological sulfur dioxide derivatives in vivo using a two-photon phosphorescent probe |
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| Affiliation: | 1. MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurestrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;1. Department of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China;2. School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Hubei, PR China;1. INQUINOA-UNT-CONICET, Instituto de Química Física, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, T4000INI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina;2. INBIONATEC-UNSE-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, RN9, Km 1125 (G4206XCP), Santiago del Estero, Argentina;1. Department of Chemistry & Med Chem Program, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore;2. Singapore Peking Oxford Research Enterprise (SPORE), Environmental Research Institute (NERI), 5A Engineering Drive 1, #02-01, 117411, Singapore;3. Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138667, Singapore;4. State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China;1. Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China;2. School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China |
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| Abstract: | Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and its derivatives sulfite and bisulfite play important roles in biological systems. However, in vivo detection of sulfite/bisulfite remains challenging. In this study, we developed a dinuclear Ir(III) complex (Ir4) as a two-photon phosphorescent probe for sulfite and bisulfite. Ir4 selectively and rapidly responded, with high sensitivity, to sulfite/bisulfite over other bio-related ions and molecules. One-photon and two-photon microscopy images revealed that Ir4 preferentially targeted mitochondria and was capable of imaging biological sulfite/bisulfite levels in vitro and in vivo. In situ sulfite generation in Caenorhabditis elegans was visualized by two-photon excitation real-time imaging. Finally, Ir4 was employed to monitor sulfite distribution in rat brain and other tissues. This study is the first report of the direct visualization of SO2 derivatives in vivo. These results provide new insights into the biological importance of SO2. |
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| Keywords: | Iridium(III) complex Two-photon probe Mice tissues |
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