施肥和覆盖地膜对福田河菊花产量与品质的影响

目的 研究施肥和覆盖地膜等农艺措施对福田河菊花产量与品质的影响,以期为福田河菊花的规范化栽培提供指导.方法 采用田间试验方法 ,测定不同农艺措施下菊花的产量,用比色法测定菊花中总黄酮,用HPLC法测定绿原酸.结果 偏施氮肥时,菊花产量和品质均较低;将有机肥和无机肥料(氮、磷,钾、硼、锌等)配合施用时,菊花产量、品质与经济效益均大幅提高.高氮配方的肥料可显著提高菊花产量,但降低了其品质;而高钾配方的肥料可显著提高菊花中总黄酮与绿原酸的量,且菊花产量也较高.采用覆盖地膜栽培时,可促进菊花花期提前,并显著提高菊花前期花产量与总产量,从而也提高了种植菊花的经济效益.结论 在福田河菊花生产上,应采用覆盖地膜栽培,并应施用高钾配方的有机-无机复混专用肥.

Effect of fertilization and plastic film mulching on yield and quality ofChrysanthemum morifoliumflower

Objective In order to guide the standardized cultivation onChrysanthemum morifoliumin Futianhe region,the effect of agronomic measure of fertilization and plastic film mulching on the yield and quality ofC.morifoliumflower was studied.Methods Field test was adopted to study the effect of fertilization and plastic film mulching onC.morifolium,and spectrophotometric analysis and HPLC method were used to determine the flavonoids and chlorogenic acid inC.morifoliumflower,respectively.ResultsApplying only with nitrogenous fertilizer in the cultivation decreased the yield and quality of C.morifolium flower.And the yield,quality,and production value of C.morifoliumflower would be increased with the application of organic manure and inorganic elements,such as N,P,K,B,and Zn.The com-pound fertilizer with high N content could remarkably increase the yield ofC.morifoliumflower,but it would lower the quality.However, the total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid content ofC.morifoliumflower would be remarkably improved,when it was fertilized with high K compound fertilizer.Moreover,the maturity ofC.morifoliumcould be shortened with plastic film mulching,and the yield also be remarkably increased.Conclusion In the cultivation ofC.morifoliumin Futianhe,it is strongly recommended to adopt plastic film mulching and to fertilize with the special compound fertilizer with high K content.