Molecular monitoring of chronic myeloid leukemia: present and future |
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Authors: | Cecilia Ching Sze Yeung Daniel Egan Jerald P Radich |
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Affiliation: | 1. Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Ringgold standard institution, Seattle, WA, USA;2. Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine Ringgold standard institution, Seattle, WA, USA;3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA |
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Abstract: | Introduction: Fusion of BCR-ABL1 genes causes chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). As a reliable marker of disease burden, it also serves as the target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). New more sensitive molecular diagnostic tools for BCR-ABL1 can contribute to therapeutic decision-making, especially in considering drug discontinuation for patients enjoying prolonged deep molecular response. Areas covered: Several novel platforms are transforming CML molecular diagnostics to enable faster point-of-care devices, better understanding of clonal diversity and resistance mutations. Here, we review these molecular platforms, knowing implementation in other hematological malignancies will ensue. Expert commentary: Treatment with TKI in CML is the first example of a highly effective targeted therapy. Monitoring of BCR-ABL1 mRNA is standard in assessing disease burden being highly predictive of outcomes recommended by both European LeukemiaNet (ELN) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN); however, studies has demonstrated poor adherence to these recommendations. In both clinical practice and assay performance, further optimizing of BCR-ABL1 monitoring can be envisioned including point-of-care methods for increased availability of rapid, standardized testing and increasingly sensitive molecular assays that allow for quantification of MRD and detecting resistance mutations. |
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