安徽省中华按蚊地区疟疾传播因素的调查

目的了解沿淮和淮河以北中华按蚊分布区疟疾流行因素和特征,为制定相应的防治措施提供依据。方法根据地理分布及疟疾发病情况,选择近年来疟疾发病率较高的怀远县褚集镇、固镇县新马桥镇、墉桥区大店镇、蒙城县立仓镇和涡阳县龙山镇作为疟疾监测点,调查居民疟疾发病情况,疟疾症状及防蚊措施情况,蚊虫密度及叮人率等相关因素。结果调查15个行政村,5 987户,24 433人,有纱门、纱窗690户,蚊帐6 727顶,蚊帐拥有率27.53%;使用蚊帐10 260人,蚊帐使用率为41.99%;经常使用蚊香及杀虫剂灭蚊户分别占68.33%和27.98%。血检疟原虫阳性1 308人(均为间日疟),平均阳性率为9.17%。2005年监测点共发生疟疾1 277例,比2004年同期上升48.48%。通宵帐内中华按蚊平均密度为0.42只/顶.次,平均叮人率为0.22只/人.夜;半通宵帐内人饵诱蚊密度为3.78只/h,叮人率为5.66只/人。疟疾病人发病后及时接受抗疟治疗者仅占3.97%,隔日治疗者占11.53%。结论沿淮和淮河以北中华按蚊分布区的疟疾疫情回升受多种因素影响,疟疾病人得不到及时发现和治疗是主要原因。

Investigation on transmission factors of malaria in Anopheles sinensis areas in Anhui Province

Objective To understand the prevalent factors and features of malaria in Anopheles sinensis areas along Huaihe River and in north of Huaihe River,and provide basis for making relative control measures.Methods Based on geographic distribution and the condition of malaria infections,five townships where malaria infection rate was higher recently,Chuji Township of Huaiyuan County,Xinmaqiao Township of Guzhen County,Dadian Township of Yongqiao County,Licang Township of Mengcheng County,Longshan Township of Guoyang County,were selected as longitudinal surveillance sites of malaria epidemic factors.To survey malaria infections,symptom of malaria,and adopting anti-mosquito measure,mosquito density and man-biting rate etc.relative factors.Results 15 villages,5 987 families,24 433 residents were investigated,of which 690 families have door screen or window screen,and the number of mosquito nets was 6 727,with the possessing rate of mosquito nets was 27.53%;the number of people using mosquito nets was 10 260,with the using rate of mosquito nets was 41.99%;the using rate of mosquito-repellent incense and insecticide was(68.33)% and 27.98%.1 308 individuals were infected(all were Plasmodium vivax),the average positive rate was(9.17)%.In 2005,1 277 malaria cases were reported in the surveillance sites,increased by 48.48% than that in the same period in 2004.The average density of An.sinensis collected in mosquito nets overnight was 0.42 mosquito per net per time,and the average bite rate was 0.22 mosquito per individual per night;the density of half-night collecting on baits of human in mosquito nets was 3.78 mosquitoes per hour and the man-biting rate was 5.66 mosquitoes per individual.3.97% of the malaria patients received treatment in time and 11.53% received tertian treatment.Conclusion The re-emerging of malaria in the An.sinensis areas along Huaihe River and in north of Huaihe River is affected by many factors,malaria cases can't be diagnosed and treated timely is the main factor.