Leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Wilms tumor in childhood: the role of birth weight |
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Authors: | Marina Rangel Mônica Cypriano Maria Lúcia de Martino Lee Flávio Augusto Vercillo Luisi Antonio Sérgio Petrilli Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi Maria do Carmo Pinho Franco |
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Institution: | 1. Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of S?o Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, 04023-900, S?o Paulo, SP, Brazil 2. Methodist University of S?o Paulo, S?o Paulo, Brazil 3. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of S?o Paulo, S?o Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract: | There is emerging evidence that higher birth weight is associated with increased risk of cancer, in particular childhood leukemia.
The purpose of this paper is to study whether this correlation is also significant with other childhood cancer. For this,
we conducted a case–control study including 410 childhood cancer patients and 1,575 matched controls to investigate birth
weight as a risk factor for leukemia, Wilms tumor, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The estimated risk for all cancers has been
found to be statistically and significantly higher in birth weight of more than 4,000 g (odds ratio, 2.50 and 95% confidence
intervals (CI), 1.72–3.63). For leukemia, the estimated risk was 1.86 (95% CI, 1.04–3.30), for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1.99
(95% CI, 1.08–3.69), and being more remarkable for Wilms tumor, 4.76 (95% CI, 2.73–8.28). Moreover, moderate increased risk
of both leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was also associated with birth weight between 3,000 and 3,999 g. High birth weight
was associated with all cancers also when adjusted by gestational age, length at birth, and gender (odds ratio, 6.10 and 95%
CI, 1.15–32.57). No associations were found for maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, maternal smoking, or smoking
by other people at home or presence of obstetric variables (e.g., gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and abruptio placentae).
The present study supports the hypothesis that high birth weight is an independent risk factor for childhood Wilms tumor,
leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Further studies should explore biological reasons to explain this relationship and, ultimately,
to expand our knowledge about prenatal influences on the occurrence of this disease. |
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