腹腔镜下肾窦内肾盂切开取石术疗效分析

目的 报告腹腔镜下肾窦内肾盂切开取石术的初步临床经验。方法 经腹腔途径腹腔镜下施行肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗肾结石19例，21侧；同期处理其他上尿路疾病9例。男14例，女5例。年龄16～67岁，平均41岁。结石直径1．2～3．5cm。结石位于右侧11例，左侧6例，双侧2例。合并输尿管结石5例，其中双侧输尿管多发性结石同侧石街形成1例；肾盂息肉2例，其中致巨大肾积水1例；开放性输尿管切开取石术后狭窄伴巨大肾积水1例；妊娠期肾盂结石致巨大肾积水时放置双J管内引流术后1例。12例13侧曾行体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）治疗失败，1例曾行微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）取石不净。结果 手术均获成功。手术时间75～240min，平均115min。术中出血量30～100m1．平均50ml。术后漏尿者1例，5d后自愈。术后住院时间5～9d，平均6d。留置双J管4～6周。随访3～36个月，KUB及IVU显示除1例肾下盏残留1枚0．7cm结石外，余无结石残留，肾盂出口输尿管无狭窄，双肾输尿管均显影。结论 腹腔镜下肾窦内肾盂切开取石术是治疗肾结石可选择的一种微创手术，且可同期处理上尿路合并症，可部分替代开放性手术。

Transperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (report of 19 cases)

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and initial experience of laparoscopic pyelolithoto- my within renal sinus.Methods A total of 19 patients(14 men and 5 women)of nephrolithiasis on 21 sides underwent laparoscopic pyelolithotomy within renal sinus.Of them,9 cases with other upper urinary tract diseases were treated by laparoseopic pyelolithotomy at the same time.The patient age ranged from 16 to 67 years(mean,41 years).The calculi were 1.2 to 3.5 cm in diameter,and were found on the right side in 11 cases,left side in 6,and both sides in 2.Five cases concomitantly had ureteral calculi;of them,1 had bi- lateral ureter calculi with ipsilateral steinstrasse,2 had pyelic polyp(1 with giant hydronephrosis after open ureterolithotomy),and 1 had giant bydronephrosis with pyelolithiasis during pregnancy with double-J tube drainage.Twelve cases(13 sides)had experienced unsuccessful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,and 1 failed with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Results The procedure was successful in all the 19 cases.The operative time ranged from 75 to 240 rain(mean,115 rain).The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 30 to 100ml(mean,50 ml).One case experienced 5-d urine leakage,and was spontaneously cured.The hospital stay was 5-9 d(mean,6 d).Double-J tube drainage was 4-6 weeks.During the follow- up(3-36 months),KUB and IVU showed no upper urinary tract stricture and no residual stones except for 1 stone of 0.7 cm in the renal lower calyx in 1 case.The kidney function was improved in all cases.Con- clusions Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is new and minimally invasive alternative approach for renal calculi. With this procedure the urinary tract complications can be treated concomitantly,thus it can partially replace open surgery.