蒿甲醚预防血吸虫感染的实验研究

为了观察蒿甲醚预防血吸虫感染的作用，小鼠、兔和犬于感染血吸虫尾蚴后不同时间灌服（ｉｇ）蒿甲醚（Ａｒｔ），并根据总减虫率和减雌虫率评价预防效果。结果，小鼠于感染后ｄ７开始ｉｇ１剂Ａｒｔ，然后每ｗｋ重复给药１次，共４次的效果最好。兔与犬于感染后ｄ７ｉｇＡｒｔ１０或１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，然后每１－２ｗｋ重复给药１次，共２－４次，总减虫率和减雌虫率为９６．８％－１００％，部份或全部受治动物无雌虫，一些与急性血吸虫病有关的指标，如体温、嗜酸性粒细胞数和粪便虫卵等均无异常或阴性。兔每隔天感染血吸虫尾蚴４８－５２条，共５次，并于第１次感染后ｄ７开始，用Ａｒｔ１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，按上述给药方案预防，总减虫率和减雌虫率为９７．６％－９８．４％。上述感染犬和多次感染的兔用Ａｒｔ预防后，肝组织结构正常，虫卵肉芽肿数亦明显减少。结果认为，Ａｒｔ具有预防血吸虫感染的作用，可明显减低血吸虫感染率、减轻感染度和防止急性血吸虫病。

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT OF ARTEMETHER AGAINST SCHISTOSOMAL INFECTION

In order to study the preventive effect of artemether (Art) against schistosomal infection, mice, rabbits and dogs infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae were treated intragastrically (ig) with Art on various days after infection. The preventive effect was assessed by total and female worm reduction rate, the number of the animals without female worm, measurement of some parameters relevant to the acute schistosomiasis, and histopathological observation on the liver. The results showed that in mice a promising effect was obtained when an initial dose of Art 300 mg/kg was given ig on d 7 after infection with cercariae, followed by repeated dosing every wk for 4 times. In rabbits and dogs treated ig with Art according to above mentioned appropriate regimen on d 7 after infection at a dosage of 10 or 15 mg/kg given every 1 or 2 wk for 2-4 times, the total and female worm reduction rates were 96.8%-100%, and part of the animals were free from female worm. After preventive treatment of the rabbits with Art, the body temperature and eosinophil count were normal and no schistosome egg was found in the feces. When rabbits infected with 48-52 schistosome cercariae once every other day for 5 times were initially treated ig with Art 15 mg/kg on d 7 after the first infection, and the same dosing was given repeatedly every 1 or 2 wk for 2-4 times, the total and female worm reduction rates were 97.6%-98.4%. Histopathological observation showed that the above mentioned infected dogs and rabbits received preventive treatment with Art exhibited a promising protective effect on their livers. The protective effect of Art given every 1 wk on the liver was similar to that of the drug given every 2 wk. The results indicate that Art possesses an effect for prevention of schistosomiasis which could be helpful for reducing infection rate and intensity of infection, and controlling acute schistosomiasis.