广州40～65岁居民膳食脂肪酸构成与血脂关系的研究

目的:分析广州中老年人膳食脂肪和脂肪酸构成(饱和脂肪酸:单不饱和脂肪酸:多不饱和脂肪酸,SFA:MUFA:PUFA,S:M:P)与血脂的关系。方法:招募40~65岁广州市民,用食物模具量化的食物频数问卷和三日膳食回顾调查对象每日摄入食物种类和数量,计算能量和营养素摄入量。结果:(1)188名男性,367名女性进入本研究。男女能量摄入分别为9.7±2.24和8.48±2.04MJ/d,脂肪供能比分别为28.3%±7.2%和30.4%±6.1%,S:M:P分别为1:1.5:0.9和1:1.5:1.1。(2)脂肪供能比≤30%(n=333)者总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、甘油三酯(TG)水平均显著低于脂肪供能比>30%(n=222)者。(3)脂肪供能20%~30%时,不同S:M:P三组间的血脂水平无差异。(4)脂肪供能比30%~45%时,S:M:P为1:1.5:1的Ⅱ组TC、LDL水平均显著低于S:M:P为1:1.2:0.7的Ⅰ组和1:1.8:1.4的Ⅲ组。结论:与脂肪供能比>30%的膳食相比,脂肪供能比≤30%的膳食更有利于维持血脂正常;脂肪供能比≤30%时,不同S:M:P可能对血脂没有显著影响;而脂肪供能比为30%~45%,S:M:P为1:1.5:1的膳食比1:1.2:0.7和1:1.8:1.4的膳食更有利于维持血脂正常。

RELATION BETWEEN DIETARY FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION AND BLOOD LIPID LEVELS IN 40-65 YEARS OLD ADULTS IN GUANGZHOU

Objective: To investigate the dietary fatty acids composition, and the relation between dietary fat, fatty acids and blood lipids in Guangzhou adults. Method: 188 male and 367 female 40-65 years old Guangzhou residents were enrolled. The dietary fatty acids and other nutrients intakes were assessed with quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured with colorimetry. Results: (1) Total energy intake of the male and female was 9.74±2.24 MJ/d and 8.48±2.04 MJ/d; fat % energy (28.3±7.2)% and (30.4±6.1)%, S:M:P 1:1.5:0.9 and 1:1.5:1.1 respectively. (2) TC, LDL-C and TG of subjects whose fat % energy≤30% were lower than fat % energy>30%. (3) Among subjects whose fat % energy was 20%-30%, no significant correlation was found between groups with blood lipids. (4) Among subjects whose fat % energy was 30%-45%, TC and LDL-C of subjects with S:M:P=1:1.5:1 were lower than S:M:P=1:1.2:0.7 or 1:1.8:1.4. Conclusion: Keeping dietary fat % energy in the range ≤30% can maintain normal blood lipid levels. Dietary S:M:P 1:1.5:1 is better than 1:1.2:0.7 and 1:1.8:1.4 for blood lipids when fat % energy is 30%-45%.